Investigation of flute and lower hybrid drift instabilities in application to laboratory astrophysics and Z-pinch experiments

ORAL

Abstract

In a cylindrical Z-pinch plasma column and in a laser ablated plasma flows interacting with an external magnetic field conditions are favorable for excitation of flute and lower hybrid drift oscillations. Linear analysis of the flute mode instability in a finite beta Z-pinch plasma has demonstrated good agreement between theory and experimental data. Laboratory experiments on the interaction of a plasma flow, produced by laser ablation of a solid target with the inhomogeneous magnetic field demonstrated the presence of strong wave activity in the region of the flow deceleration. Excitation of flute-type modes as well as LHD waves with plasma and magnetic field parameters, corresponding to the ongoing experiments is examined.

Authors

  • V.I. Sotnikov

    University of Nevada at Reno, NV 89523 USA

  • D.D. Meyerhofer

    The University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA, NCSU \& TUNL, Duke University \& TUNL, UNC-Chapel Hill \& TUNL, Argonne National Lab, CSNSM, Orsay, France, Washington University, US Naval Academy, Univ. of Oslo, Univ. of Tennessee, Univ. of Manchester, Univ. of Massachusetts, ANL, NBI, Mississippi State Univ., Univ. of Bonn, Germany, Univ. di Milano, Italy, Mississippi State Univ, Univ. of Oslo, Norway, University of Richmond, WNSL, Yale University, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA, UGC-DAE CSR, Kolkata Centre, India, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA, Los Alamos School District, Indiana University, Arizona State University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Penn State Altoona, North Carolina A\&T, University of North Carolina/TUNL, North Carolina State University/TUNL, Duke University/TUNL, Old Dominion University, University of Houston, SID, Knoxville, TN, NASA Langley Research Center, University of Kentucky, Columbia University, University of Toronto, University of Pennsylvania, Penn State University, Yale University, U.S. Department of Energy, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510, USA, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, University of Washington, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Connecticutt, University of Nevada, Reno, The Ohio State University, New Mexico State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Missouri, Columbia, Columbia MO 65211, Physics Division, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago IL 60616, Middle Tennessee State University, UC Santa Cruz, Argonne, SLAC, Penn State, University of Tokyo, Kobe University, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka university, ILE, Osaka university, UCLA, SCIPP, McGill University, Canada, Barnard College, Columbia University, McGill University; Current address: Univ. of British Columbia, Canada, McGill University; Current address: FLWO, McGill Univ., Canada, U. of Alberta \& TRIUMF, Canada, CWRU; Current address: Kent State Univ., CWRU, UCLA; Current address: SLAC, UCLA; Current address: Gemini Observatory, McGill University, Montreal, University of Utah, Purdue University, Stanford/SLAC Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics, Iowa State University, Southern University, Brigham Young University, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, University of North Alabama, University of Kansas, Earlham College, Purdue University Calumet, Florida State University, University of Notre Dame, Gesellschaft f\"ur Schwerionenforschung, Ohio Wesleyan University, California State University, Sacramento, Southern Illinois University, Darmstadt University of Technology, Univ. of Groningen, the Netherlands, IUCF, Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47408-0768, GOO Zaryad Novosibirsk, 630058 Russia, JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan, Helmholtz Inst., Univ. Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Forschungszentrum J$\ddot{\mbox{u}}$lich, IKP, D-52425 J$\ddot{\mbox{u}}$lich, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1040, High Energy Density Physics Group, Institute of Physics, CAS, Harvey Mudd College, University of Texas, University of Chicago, University of Basel, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Duke U. and DFELL, Duke University and TUNL, Cyclotron Laboratory, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, GSI, W. Michigan Univ., GANIL, Indiana Univ., Univ. Laval, Argonne National Laboratory, State University of New York, Oswego, Texas A \& M Cyclotron Institute, ChangWon National University, UT Arlington, Korea National University of Education, Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute, Laboratoire d Optique Appliquee, UMR 7639 ENSTA, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91761 Palaiseau, France, Center for Ultrafast Optical Science and FOCUS Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, University of Rochester Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Yale, NCSU and TUNL, UNC and TUNL, Duke and TUNL, Michigan State University, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Universit\"{a}t Bonn, Universit\"{a}t zu K\"{o}ln, Rutgers University, University of Rochester, California Institute of Technology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Wayne State University, University of Guelph, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, LLNL, Institute of Physics, India, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, NIST, Atomic Physics Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8422, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka-University, LULI, France, York Univ., UK, Osaka Univ., Japan, University of California, San Diego, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC; Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France, The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Swierk, Poland, University of Alberta, General Atomics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Univ. of Rocherser, Univ. of Rochester, Univ. of Michigan, LANL, Prism Comp. Sciences, Swarthmore College, Sandia Nat. Labs., UNM, CASPER - Baylor University, Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Imperial College, OSU, ORNL, MSU, Department of Physics, Washington University, Department of Chemistry, Washington University, NGCSU \& TUNL, Sandia National Lab, Duke U. \& TUNL, Ioffe Physcial Technical Institute, Mississippi State University, Institute for Nuclear Physics, Bucharest, Romania., NASA GSFC, University of Maryland, College Park, Florida Atlantic University, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Maryland, McGill, Chicago, Northwestern, Manitoba, U of TN, Rutgers, ORAU, TTU, CO School of Mines, Texas A\&M University, Duke University / TUNL, Western Michigan University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Ohio University, Marquette University, Illinois Wesleyan University, Central Michigan University, Hope College, Wabash College, NSCL/MSU, Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, Texas A\&M University Cyclotron Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bowdoin College, Louisiana State University, Albert Einstein Institute, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique, France, Heinrich Heine Universitat, Germany, The Queen's University of Belfast, UK, Graduate School of Engineering, Japan, La Sapienza, Italy, MISDC, Moscow, Russia, University of St.Andrews, UK, LUTH, France, University of York, U.K., CEA, France, Insituto Superior T\'ecnico, University of California, Los Angeles, CEA DIF, Lebedev Physical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, TCHILS - The University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas-Austin, Stress Engineering Services, Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, Heinrich-Heine-University, Texas Center for High Intensity Laser Science, University of Texas-Austin, University of Oxford, Center for Quantum Science and Technology under Extreme Conditions, Osaka Univ., Grad. School of Sci., Osaka Univ., Grad. School of Eng., Osaka Univ., Texas Center for High Intensity Laser Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Institute of Laser and Plasma physics, Heinrich-Heine-University, D\"usseldorf, Germany, U. Alberta, UC-Davis, MIT, UCSD, The Ohio State U., Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Nevada Terawatt Facility, University of Nevada at Reno, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, University of Nevada, CEA Bruy\`eres le Chatel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, UCLA Physics, UC Berkeley Nuclear Engineering, CEA, Obervatoire de Paris, Sandia National Laboratory, PPPL, LBNL, Univ. New Mexico, Univ. Nevada - Reno, Numerex, SAIC – Albuquerque, AFRL - Kirtland, Dept. of Aerospace engineering, Tohoku Univ., Science and Engineering, Waseda Univ., Division of Theoretical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatory Japan, University of Michigan, UNR, Sandia National Laboratories, AWE pcl, LULI, LUTH, CEA-LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, ENS Cachan, CELIA, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, France, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka, Japan, Central laser facitily, UK, University of York, UK, Rice University, AWE Aldermaston, Nevada Terawatt Facility, University of Nevada, Reno, University of York, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, Imperial College London, University of Arizona, U. of Chicago, Naval Research Laboratory, Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA, Sandia National Laboratories, NM 87123 USA, Institute of Physics of Earth, 123995 Moscow, Russia, JNL Scientific, Casa Grande, AZ 85222, USA, University of Nevada at Reno, NV 89523 USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, The University of South Dakota, INFN Pisa, University of Pittsburgh, University of South Alabama, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, University of Wisconsin Madison, Associate Editor, Physical Review Letters, PTB, Braunschweig, U. Conn., TUNL, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Department of Chemistry and IUCF, Indiana University, Oswego State University of New York, Penn State Univ-Altoona, NCATSU, Samford Univ, NCCU, USD, TUNL-NCSU, TUNL-UNC, TUNL-Duke, U. South Dakota, Univ. of S. Dakota, Dakota State Univ., S. Dakota Sch. of Mines \& Tech, S. Dakota State Univ., Augustana College, University of South Dakota, Regis University, University of Texas - Brownsville, Konan U., North Georgia College \& State University, Georgia College \& State University, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Duke/Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, TUNL, UConn, and UMass Amherst, Fermilab, Batavia, IL60510, Sapienza University of Rome, University of California at Berkeley, Center for Gravitational Wave Physics, Professor of Atmospheric Science, UC Berkeley and Co-Director, Berkeley Institute of the Environment, Stanford University, NASA/GSFC, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623

  • D.D. Meyerhofer

    The University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA, NCSU \& TUNL, Duke University \& TUNL, UNC-Chapel Hill \& TUNL, Argonne National Lab, CSNSM, Orsay, France, Washington University, US Naval Academy, Univ. of Oslo, Univ. of Tennessee, Univ. of Manchester, Univ. of Massachusetts, ANL, NBI, Mississippi State Univ., Univ. of Bonn, Germany, Univ. di Milano, Italy, Mississippi State Univ, Univ. of Oslo, Norway, University of Richmond, WNSL, Yale University, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA, UGC-DAE CSR, Kolkata Centre, India, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA, Los Alamos School District, Indiana University, Arizona State University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Penn State Altoona, North Carolina A\&T, University of North Carolina/TUNL, North Carolina State University/TUNL, Duke University/TUNL, Old Dominion University, University of Houston, SID, Knoxville, TN, NASA Langley Research Center, University of Kentucky, Columbia University, University of Toronto, University of Pennsylvania, Penn State University, Yale University, U.S. Department of Energy, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510, USA, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, University of Washington, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Connecticutt, University of Nevada, Reno, The Ohio State University, New Mexico State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Missouri, Columbia, Columbia MO 65211, Physics Division, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago IL 60616, Middle Tennessee State University, UC Santa Cruz, Argonne, SLAC, Penn State, University of Tokyo, Kobe University, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka university, ILE, Osaka university, UCLA, SCIPP, McGill University, Canada, Barnard College, Columbia University, McGill University; Current address: Univ. of British Columbia, Canada, McGill University; Current address: FLWO, McGill Univ., Canada, U. of Alberta \& TRIUMF, Canada, CWRU; Current address: Kent State Univ., CWRU, UCLA; Current address: SLAC, UCLA; Current address: Gemini Observatory, McGill University, Montreal, University of Utah, Purdue University, Stanford/SLAC Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics, Iowa State University, Southern University, Brigham Young University, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, University of North Alabama, University of Kansas, Earlham College, Purdue University Calumet, Florida State University, University of Notre Dame, Gesellschaft f\"ur Schwerionenforschung, Ohio Wesleyan University, California State University, Sacramento, Southern Illinois University, Darmstadt University of Technology, Univ. of Groningen, the Netherlands, IUCF, Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47408-0768, GOO Zaryad Novosibirsk, 630058 Russia, JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan, Helmholtz Inst., Univ. Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Forschungszentrum J$\ddot{\mbox{u}}$lich, IKP, D-52425 J$\ddot{\mbox{u}}$lich, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1040, High Energy Density Physics Group, Institute of Physics, CAS, Harvey Mudd College, University of Texas, University of Chicago, University of Basel, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Duke U. and DFELL, Duke University and TUNL, Cyclotron Laboratory, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, GSI, W. Michigan Univ., GANIL, Indiana Univ., Univ. Laval, Argonne National Laboratory, State University of New York, Oswego, Texas A \& M Cyclotron Institute, ChangWon National University, UT Arlington, Korea National University of Education, Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute, Laboratoire d Optique Appliquee, UMR 7639 ENSTA, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91761 Palaiseau, France, Center for Ultrafast Optical Science and FOCUS Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, University of Rochester Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Yale, NCSU and TUNL, UNC and TUNL, Duke and TUNL, Michigan State University, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Universit\"{a}t Bonn, Universit\"{a}t zu K\"{o}ln, Rutgers University, University of Rochester, California Institute of Technology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Wayne State University, University of Guelph, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, LLNL, Institute of Physics, India, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, NIST, Atomic Physics Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8422, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka-University, LULI, France, York Univ., UK, Osaka Univ., Japan, University of California, San Diego, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC; Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France, The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Swierk, Poland, University of Alberta, General Atomics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Univ. of Rocherser, Univ. of Rochester, Univ. of Michigan, LANL, Prism Comp. Sciences, Swarthmore College, Sandia Nat. Labs., UNM, CASPER - Baylor University, Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Imperial College, OSU, ORNL, MSU, Department of Physics, Washington University, Department of Chemistry, Washington University, NGCSU \& TUNL, Sandia National Lab, Duke U. \& TUNL, Ioffe Physcial Technical Institute, Mississippi State University, Institute for Nuclear Physics, Bucharest, Romania., NASA GSFC, University of Maryland, College Park, Florida Atlantic University, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Maryland, McGill, Chicago, Northwestern, Manitoba, U of TN, Rutgers, ORAU, TTU, CO School of Mines, Texas A\&M University, Duke University / TUNL, Western Michigan University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Ohio University, Marquette University, Illinois Wesleyan University, Central Michigan University, Hope College, Wabash College, NSCL/MSU, Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, Texas A\&M University Cyclotron Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bowdoin College, Louisiana State University, Albert Einstein Institute, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique, France, Heinrich Heine Universitat, Germany, The Queen's University of Belfast, UK, Graduate School of Engineering, Japan, La Sapienza, Italy, MISDC, Moscow, Russia, University of St.Andrews, UK, LUTH, France, University of York, U.K., CEA, France, Insituto Superior T\'ecnico, University of California, Los Angeles, CEA DIF, Lebedev Physical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, TCHILS - The University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas-Austin, Stress Engineering Services, Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, Heinrich-Heine-University, Texas Center for High Intensity Laser Science, University of Texas-Austin, University of Oxford, Center for Quantum Science and Technology under Extreme Conditions, Osaka Univ., Grad. School of Sci., Osaka Univ., Grad. School of Eng., Osaka Univ., Texas Center for High Intensity Laser Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Institute of Laser and Plasma physics, Heinrich-Heine-University, D\"usseldorf, Germany, U. Alberta, UC-Davis, MIT, UCSD, The Ohio State U., Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Nevada Terawatt Facility, University of Nevada at Reno, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, University of Nevada, CEA Bruy\`eres le Chatel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, UCLA Physics, UC Berkeley Nuclear Engineering, CEA, Obervatoire de Paris, Sandia National Laboratory, PPPL, LBNL, Univ. New Mexico, Univ. Nevada - Reno, Numerex, SAIC – Albuquerque, AFRL - Kirtland, Dept. of Aerospace engineering, Tohoku Univ., Science and Engineering, Waseda Univ., Division of Theoretical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatory Japan, University of Michigan, UNR, Sandia National Laboratories, AWE pcl, LULI, LUTH, CEA-LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, ENS Cachan, CELIA, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, France, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka, Japan, Central laser facitily, UK, University of York, UK, Rice University, AWE Aldermaston, Nevada Terawatt Facility, University of Nevada, Reno, University of York, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, Imperial College London, University of Arizona, U. of Chicago, Naval Research Laboratory, Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA, Sandia National Laboratories, NM 87123 USA, Institute of Physics of Earth, 123995 Moscow, Russia, JNL Scientific, Casa Grande, AZ 85222, USA, University of Nevada at Reno, NV 89523 USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, The University of South Dakota, INFN Pisa, University of Pittsburgh, University of South Alabama, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, University of Wisconsin Madison, Associate Editor, Physical Review Letters, PTB, Braunschweig, U. Conn., TUNL, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Department of Chemistry and IUCF, Indiana University, Oswego State University of New York, Penn State Univ-Altoona, NCATSU, Samford Univ, NCCU, USD, TUNL-NCSU, TUNL-UNC, TUNL-Duke, U. South Dakota, Univ. of S. Dakota, Dakota State Univ., S. Dakota Sch. of Mines \& Tech, S. Dakota State Univ., Augustana College, University of South Dakota, Regis University, University of Texas - Brownsville, Konan U., North Georgia College \& State University, Georgia College \& State University, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Duke/Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, TUNL, UConn, and UMass Amherst, Fermilab, Batavia, IL60510, Sapienza University of Rome, University of California at Berkeley, Center for Gravitational Wave Physics, Professor of Atmospheric Science, UC Berkeley and Co-Director, Berkeley Institute of the Environment, Stanford University, NASA/GSFC, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623

  • D.D. Meyerhofer

    The University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA, NCSU \& TUNL, Duke University \& TUNL, UNC-Chapel Hill \& TUNL, Argonne National Lab, CSNSM, Orsay, France, Washington University, US Naval Academy, Univ. of Oslo, Univ. of Tennessee, Univ. of Manchester, Univ. of Massachusetts, ANL, NBI, Mississippi State Univ., Univ. of Bonn, Germany, Univ. di Milano, Italy, Mississippi State Univ, Univ. of Oslo, Norway, University of Richmond, WNSL, Yale University, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA, UGC-DAE CSR, Kolkata Centre, India, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA, Los Alamos School District, Indiana University, Arizona State University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Penn State Altoona, North Carolina A\&T, University of North Carolina/TUNL, North Carolina State University/TUNL, Duke University/TUNL, Old Dominion University, University of Houston, SID, Knoxville, TN, NASA Langley Research Center, University of Kentucky, Columbia University, University of Toronto, University of Pennsylvania, Penn State University, Yale University, U.S. Department of Energy, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510, USA, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, University of Washington, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Connecticutt, University of Nevada, Reno, The Ohio State University, New Mexico State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Missouri, Columbia, Columbia MO 65211, Physics Division, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago IL 60616, Middle Tennessee State University, UC Santa Cruz, Argonne, SLAC, Penn State, University of Tokyo, Kobe University, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka university, ILE, Osaka university, UCLA, SCIPP, McGill University, Canada, Barnard College, Columbia University, McGill University; Current address: Univ. of British Columbia, Canada, McGill University; Current address: FLWO, McGill Univ., Canada, U. of Alberta \& TRIUMF, Canada, CWRU; Current address: Kent State Univ., CWRU, UCLA; Current address: SLAC, UCLA; Current address: Gemini Observatory, McGill University, Montreal, University of Utah, Purdue University, Stanford/SLAC Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics, Iowa State University, Southern University, Brigham Young University, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, University of North Alabama, University of Kansas, Earlham College, Purdue University Calumet, Florida State University, University of Notre Dame, Gesellschaft f\"ur Schwerionenforschung, Ohio Wesleyan University, California State University, Sacramento, Southern Illinois University, Darmstadt University of Technology, Univ. of Groningen, the Netherlands, IUCF, Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47408-0768, GOO Zaryad Novosibirsk, 630058 Russia, JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan, Helmholtz Inst., Univ. Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Forschungszentrum J$\ddot{\mbox{u}}$lich, IKP, D-52425 J$\ddot{\mbox{u}}$lich, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1040, High Energy Density Physics Group, Institute of Physics, CAS, Harvey Mudd College, University of Texas, University of Chicago, University of Basel, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Duke U. and DFELL, Duke University and TUNL, Cyclotron Laboratory, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, GSI, W. Michigan Univ., GANIL, Indiana Univ., Univ. Laval, Argonne National Laboratory, State University of New York, Oswego, Texas A \& M Cyclotron Institute, ChangWon National University, UT Arlington, Korea National University of Education, Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute, Laboratoire d Optique Appliquee, UMR 7639 ENSTA, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91761 Palaiseau, France, Center for Ultrafast Optical Science and FOCUS Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, University of Rochester Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Yale, NCSU and TUNL, UNC and TUNL, Duke and TUNL, Michigan State University, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Universit\"{a}t Bonn, Universit\"{a}t zu K\"{o}ln, Rutgers University, University of Rochester, California Institute of Technology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Wayne State University, University of Guelph, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, LLNL, Institute of Physics, India, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, NIST, Atomic Physics Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8422, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka-University, LULI, France, York Univ., UK, Osaka Univ., Japan, University of California, San Diego, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC; Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France, The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Swierk, Poland, University of Alberta, General Atomics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Univ. of Rocherser, Univ. of Rochester, Univ. of Michigan, LANL, Prism Comp. Sciences, Swarthmore College, Sandia Nat. Labs., UNM, CASPER - Baylor University, Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Imperial College, OSU, ORNL, MSU, Department of Physics, Washington University, Department of Chemistry, Washington University, NGCSU \& TUNL, Sandia National Lab, Duke U. \& TUNL, Ioffe Physcial Technical Institute, Mississippi State University, Institute for Nuclear Physics, Bucharest, Romania., NASA GSFC, University of Maryland, College Park, Florida Atlantic University, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Maryland, McGill, Chicago, Northwestern, Manitoba, U of TN, Rutgers, ORAU, TTU, CO School of Mines, Texas A\&M University, Duke University / TUNL, Western Michigan University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Ohio University, Marquette University, Illinois Wesleyan University, Central Michigan University, Hope College, Wabash College, NSCL/MSU, Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, Texas A\&M University Cyclotron Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bowdoin College, Louisiana State University, Albert Einstein Institute, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique, France, Heinrich Heine Universitat, Germany, The Queen's University of Belfast, UK, Graduate School of Engineering, Japan, La Sapienza, Italy, MISDC, Moscow, Russia, University of St.Andrews, UK, LUTH, France, University of York, U.K., CEA, France, Insituto Superior T\'ecnico, University of California, Los Angeles, CEA DIF, Lebedev Physical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, TCHILS - The University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas-Austin, Stress Engineering Services, Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, Heinrich-Heine-University, Texas Center for High Intensity Laser Science, University of Texas-Austin, University of Oxford, Center for Quantum Science and Technology under Extreme Conditions, Osaka Univ., Grad. School of Sci., Osaka Univ., Grad. School of Eng., Osaka Univ., Texas Center for High Intensity Laser Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Institute of Laser and Plasma physics, Heinrich-Heine-University, D\"usseldorf, Germany, U. Alberta, UC-Davis, MIT, UCSD, The Ohio State U., Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Nevada Terawatt Facility, University of Nevada at Reno, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, University of Nevada, CEA Bruy\`eres le Chatel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, UCLA Physics, UC Berkeley Nuclear Engineering, CEA, Obervatoire de Paris, Sandia National Laboratory, PPPL, LBNL, Univ. New Mexico, Univ. Nevada - Reno, Numerex, SAIC – Albuquerque, AFRL - Kirtland, Dept. of Aerospace engineering, Tohoku Univ., Science and Engineering, Waseda Univ., Division of Theoretical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatory Japan, University of Michigan, UNR, Sandia National Laboratories, AWE pcl, LULI, LUTH, CEA-LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, ENS Cachan, CELIA, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, France, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka, Japan, Central laser facitily, UK, University of York, UK, Rice University, AWE Aldermaston, Nevada Terawatt Facility, University of Nevada, Reno, University of York, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, Imperial College London, University of Arizona, U. of Chicago, Naval Research Laboratory, Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA, Sandia National Laboratories, NM 87123 USA, Institute of Physics of Earth, 123995 Moscow, Russia, JNL Scientific, Casa Grande, AZ 85222, USA, University of Nevada at Reno, NV 89523 USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, The University of South Dakota, INFN Pisa, University of Pittsburgh, University of South Alabama, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, University of Wisconsin Madison, Associate Editor, Physical Review Letters, PTB, Braunschweig, U. Conn., TUNL, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Department of Chemistry and IUCF, Indiana University, Oswego State University of New York, Penn State Univ-Altoona, NCATSU, Samford Univ, NCCU, USD, TUNL-NCSU, TUNL-UNC, TUNL-Duke, U. South Dakota, Univ. of S. Dakota, Dakota State Univ., S. Dakota Sch. of Mines \& Tech, S. Dakota State Univ., Augustana College, University of South Dakota, Regis University, University of Texas - Brownsville, Konan U., North Georgia College \& State University, Georgia College \& State University, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Duke/Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, TUNL, UConn, and UMass Amherst, Fermilab, Batavia, IL60510, Sapienza University of Rome, University of California at Berkeley, Center for Gravitational Wave Physics, Professor of Atmospheric Science, UC Berkeley and Co-Director, Berkeley Institute of the Environment, Stanford University, NASA/GSFC, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623

  • D.D. Meyerhofer

    The University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA, NCSU \& TUNL, Duke University \& TUNL, UNC-Chapel Hill \& TUNL, Argonne National Lab, CSNSM, Orsay, France, Washington University, US Naval Academy, Univ. of Oslo, Univ. of Tennessee, Univ. of Manchester, Univ. of Massachusetts, ANL, NBI, Mississippi State Univ., Univ. of Bonn, Germany, Univ. di Milano, Italy, Mississippi State Univ, Univ. of Oslo, Norway, University of Richmond, WNSL, Yale University, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA, UGC-DAE CSR, Kolkata Centre, India, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA, Los Alamos School District, Indiana University, Arizona State University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Penn State Altoona, North Carolina A\&T, University of North Carolina/TUNL, North Carolina State University/TUNL, Duke University/TUNL, Old Dominion University, University of Houston, SID, Knoxville, TN, NASA Langley Research Center, University of Kentucky, Columbia University, University of Toronto, University of Pennsylvania, Penn State University, Yale University, U.S. Department of Energy, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510, USA, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, University of Washington, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Connecticutt, University of Nevada, Reno, The Ohio State University, New Mexico State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Missouri, Columbia, Columbia MO 65211, Physics Division, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago IL 60616, Middle Tennessee State University, UC Santa Cruz, Argonne, SLAC, Penn State, University of Tokyo, Kobe University, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka university, ILE, Osaka university, UCLA, SCIPP, McGill University, Canada, Barnard College, Columbia University, McGill University; Current address: Univ. of British Columbia, Canada, McGill University; Current address: FLWO, McGill Univ., Canada, U. of Alberta \& TRIUMF, Canada, CWRU; Current address: Kent State Univ., CWRU, UCLA; Current address: SLAC, UCLA; Current address: Gemini Observatory, McGill University, Montreal, University of Utah, Purdue University, Stanford/SLAC Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics, Iowa State University, Southern University, Brigham Young University, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, University of North Alabama, University of Kansas, Earlham College, Purdue University Calumet, Florida State University, University of Notre Dame, Gesellschaft f\"ur Schwerionenforschung, Ohio Wesleyan University, California State University, Sacramento, Southern Illinois University, Darmstadt University of Technology, Univ. of Groningen, the Netherlands, IUCF, Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47408-0768, GOO Zaryad Novosibirsk, 630058 Russia, JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan, Helmholtz Inst., Univ. Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Forschungszentrum J$\ddot{\mbox{u}}$lich, IKP, D-52425 J$\ddot{\mbox{u}}$lich, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1040, High Energy Density Physics Group, Institute of Physics, CAS, Harvey Mudd College, University of Texas, University of Chicago, University of Basel, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Duke U. and DFELL, Duke University and TUNL, Cyclotron Laboratory, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, GSI, W. Michigan Univ., GANIL, Indiana Univ., Univ. Laval, Argonne National Laboratory, State University of New York, Oswego, Texas A \& M Cyclotron Institute, ChangWon National University, UT Arlington, Korea National University of Education, Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute, Laboratoire d Optique Appliquee, UMR 7639 ENSTA, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91761 Palaiseau, France, Center for Ultrafast Optical Science and FOCUS Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, University of Rochester Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Yale, NCSU and TUNL, UNC and TUNL, Duke and TUNL, Michigan State University, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Universit\"{a}t Bonn, Universit\"{a}t zu K\"{o}ln, Rutgers University, University of Rochester, California Institute of Technology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Wayne State University, University of Guelph, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, LLNL, Institute of Physics, India, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, NIST, Atomic Physics Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8422, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka-University, LULI, France, York Univ., UK, Osaka Univ., Japan, University of California, San Diego, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC; Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France, The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Swierk, Poland, University of Alberta, General Atomics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Univ. of Rocherser, Univ. of Rochester, Univ. of Michigan, LANL, Prism Comp. Sciences, Swarthmore College, Sandia Nat. Labs., UNM, CASPER - Baylor University, Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Imperial College, OSU, ORNL, MSU, Department of Physics, Washington University, Department of Chemistry, Washington University, NGCSU \& TUNL, Sandia National Lab, Duke U. \& TUNL, Ioffe Physcial Technical Institute, Mississippi State University, Institute for Nuclear Physics, Bucharest, Romania., NASA GSFC, University of Maryland, College Park, Florida Atlantic University, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Maryland, McGill, Chicago, Northwestern, Manitoba, U of TN, Rutgers, ORAU, TTU, CO School of Mines, Texas A\&M University, Duke University / TUNL, Western Michigan University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Ohio University, Marquette University, Illinois Wesleyan University, Central Michigan University, Hope College, Wabash College, NSCL/MSU, Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, Texas A\&M University Cyclotron Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bowdoin College, Louisiana State University, Albert Einstein Institute, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique, France, Heinrich Heine Universitat, Germany, The Queen's University of Belfast, UK, Graduate School of Engineering, Japan, La Sapienza, Italy, MISDC, Moscow, Russia, University of St.Andrews, UK, LUTH, France, University of York, U.K., CEA, France, Insituto Superior T\'ecnico, University of California, Los Angeles, CEA DIF, Lebedev Physical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, TCHILS - The University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas-Austin, Stress Engineering Services, Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, Heinrich-Heine-University, Texas Center for High Intensity Laser Science, University of Texas-Austin, University of Oxford, Center for Quantum Science and Technology under Extreme Conditions, Osaka Univ., Grad. School of Sci., Osaka Univ., Grad. School of Eng., Osaka Univ., Texas Center for High Intensity Laser Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Institute of Laser and Plasma physics, Heinrich-Heine-University, D\"usseldorf, Germany, U. Alberta, UC-Davis, MIT, UCSD, The Ohio State U., Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Nevada Terawatt Facility, University of Nevada at Reno, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, University of Nevada, CEA Bruy\`eres le Chatel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, UCLA Physics, UC Berkeley Nuclear Engineering, CEA, Obervatoire de Paris, Sandia National Laboratory, PPPL, LBNL, Univ. New Mexico, Univ. Nevada - Reno, Numerex, SAIC – Albuquerque, AFRL - Kirtland, Dept. of Aerospace engineering, Tohoku Univ., Science and Engineering, Waseda Univ., Division of Theoretical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatory Japan, University of Michigan, UNR, Sandia National Laboratories, AWE pcl, LULI, LUTH, CEA-LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, ENS Cachan, CELIA, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, France, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka, Japan, Central laser facitily, UK, University of York, UK, Rice University, AWE Aldermaston, Nevada Terawatt Facility, University of Nevada, Reno, University of York, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, Imperial College London, University of Arizona, U. of Chicago, Naval Research Laboratory, Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA, Sandia National Laboratories, NM 87123 USA, Institute of Physics of Earth, 123995 Moscow, Russia, JNL Scientific, Casa Grande, AZ 85222, USA, University of Nevada at Reno, NV 89523 USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, The University of South Dakota, INFN Pisa, University of Pittsburgh, University of South Alabama, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, University of Wisconsin Madison, Associate Editor, Physical Review Letters, PTB, Braunschweig, U. Conn., TUNL, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Department of Chemistry and IUCF, Indiana University, Oswego State University of New York, Penn State Univ-Altoona, NCATSU, Samford Univ, NCCU, USD, TUNL-NCSU, TUNL-UNC, TUNL-Duke, U. South Dakota, Univ. of S. Dakota, Dakota State Univ., S. Dakota Sch. of Mines \& Tech, S. Dakota State Univ., Augustana College, University of South Dakota, Regis University, University of Texas - Brownsville, Konan U., North Georgia College \& State University, Georgia College \& State University, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Duke/Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, TUNL, UConn, and UMass Amherst, Fermilab, Batavia, IL60510, Sapienza University of Rome, University of California at Berkeley, Center for Gravitational Wave Physics, Professor of Atmospheric Science, UC Berkeley and Co-Director, Berkeley Institute of the Environment, Stanford University, NASA/GSFC, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623

  • D.D. Meyerhofer

    The University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA, NCSU \& TUNL, Duke University \& TUNL, UNC-Chapel Hill \& TUNL, Argonne National Lab, CSNSM, Orsay, France, Washington University, US Naval Academy, Univ. of Oslo, Univ. of Tennessee, Univ. of Manchester, Univ. of Massachusetts, ANL, NBI, Mississippi State Univ., Univ. of Bonn, Germany, Univ. di Milano, Italy, Mississippi State Univ, Univ. of Oslo, Norway, University of Richmond, WNSL, Yale University, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA, UGC-DAE CSR, Kolkata Centre, India, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA, Los Alamos School District, Indiana University, Arizona State University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Penn State Altoona, North Carolina A\&T, University of North Carolina/TUNL, North Carolina State University/TUNL, Duke University/TUNL, Old Dominion University, University of Houston, SID, Knoxville, TN, NASA Langley Research Center, University of Kentucky, Columbia University, University of Toronto, University of Pennsylvania, Penn State University, Yale University, U.S. Department of Energy, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510, USA, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, University of Washington, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Connecticutt, University of Nevada, Reno, The Ohio State University, New Mexico State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Missouri, Columbia, Columbia MO 65211, Physics Division, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago IL 60616, Middle Tennessee State University, UC Santa Cruz, Argonne, SLAC, Penn State, University of Tokyo, Kobe University, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka university, ILE, Osaka university, UCLA, SCIPP, McGill University, Canada, Barnard College, Columbia University, McGill University; Current address: Univ. of British Columbia, Canada, McGill University; Current address: FLWO, McGill Univ., Canada, U. of Alberta \& TRIUMF, Canada, CWRU; Current address: Kent State Univ., CWRU, UCLA; Current address: SLAC, UCLA; Current address: Gemini Observatory, McGill University, Montreal, University of Utah, Purdue University, Stanford/SLAC Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics, Iowa State University, Southern University, Brigham Young University, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, University of North Alabama, University of Kansas, Earlham College, Purdue University Calumet, Florida State University, University of Notre Dame, Gesellschaft f\"ur Schwerionenforschung, Ohio Wesleyan University, California State University, Sacramento, Southern Illinois University, Darmstadt University of Technology, Univ. of Groningen, the Netherlands, IUCF, Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47408-0768, GOO Zaryad Novosibirsk, 630058 Russia, JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan, Helmholtz Inst., Univ. Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Forschungszentrum J$\ddot{\mbox{u}}$lich, IKP, D-52425 J$\ddot{\mbox{u}}$lich, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1040, High Energy Density Physics Group, Institute of Physics, CAS, Harvey Mudd College, University of Texas, University of Chicago, University of Basel, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Duke U. and DFELL, Duke University and TUNL, Cyclotron Laboratory, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, GSI, W. Michigan Univ., GANIL, Indiana Univ., Univ. Laval, Argonne National Laboratory, State University of New York, Oswego, Texas A \& M Cyclotron Institute, ChangWon National University, UT Arlington, Korea National University of Education, Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute, Laboratoire d Optique Appliquee, UMR 7639 ENSTA, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91761 Palaiseau, France, Center for Ultrafast Optical Science and FOCUS Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, University of Rochester Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Yale, NCSU and TUNL, UNC and TUNL, Duke and TUNL, Michigan State University, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Universit\"{a}t Bonn, Universit\"{a}t zu K\"{o}ln, Rutgers University, University of Rochester, California Institute of Technology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Wayne State University, University of Guelph, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, LLNL, Institute of Physics, India, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, NIST, Atomic Physics Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8422, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka-University, LULI, France, York Univ., UK, Osaka Univ., Japan, University of California, San Diego, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC; Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France, The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Swierk, Poland, University of Alberta, General Atomics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Univ. of Rocherser, Univ. of Rochester, Univ. of Michigan, LANL, Prism Comp. Sciences, Swarthmore College, Sandia Nat. Labs., UNM, CASPER - Baylor University, Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Imperial College, OSU, ORNL, MSU, Department of Physics, Washington University, Department of Chemistry, Washington University, NGCSU \& TUNL, Sandia National Lab, Duke U. \& TUNL, Ioffe Physcial Technical Institute, Mississippi State University, Institute for Nuclear Physics, Bucharest, Romania., NASA GSFC, University of Maryland, College Park, Florida Atlantic University, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Maryland, McGill, Chicago, Northwestern, Manitoba, U of TN, Rutgers, ORAU, TTU, CO School of Mines, Texas A\&M University, Duke University / TUNL, Western Michigan University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Ohio University, Marquette University, Illinois Wesleyan University, Central Michigan University, Hope College, Wabash College, NSCL/MSU, Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, Texas A\&M University Cyclotron Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bowdoin College, Louisiana State University, Albert Einstein Institute, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique, France, Heinrich Heine Universitat, Germany, The Queen's University of Belfast, UK, Graduate School of Engineering, Japan, La Sapienza, Italy, MISDC, Moscow, Russia, University of St.Andrews, UK, LUTH, France, University of York, U.K., CEA, France, Insituto Superior T\'ecnico, University of California, Los Angeles, CEA DIF, Lebedev Physical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, TCHILS - The University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas-Austin, Stress Engineering Services, Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, Heinrich-Heine-University, Texas Center for High Intensity Laser Science, University of Texas-Austin, University of Oxford, Center for Quantum Science and Technology under Extreme Conditions, Osaka Univ., Grad. School of Sci., Osaka Univ., Grad. School of Eng., Osaka Univ., Texas Center for High Intensity Laser Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Institute of Laser and Plasma physics, Heinrich-Heine-University, D\"usseldorf, Germany, U. Alberta, UC-Davis, MIT, UCSD, The Ohio State U., Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Nevada Terawatt Facility, University of Nevada at Reno, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, University of Nevada, CEA Bruy\`eres le Chatel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, UCLA Physics, UC Berkeley Nuclear Engineering, CEA, Obervatoire de Paris, Sandia National Laboratory, PPPL, LBNL, Univ. New Mexico, Univ. Nevada - Reno, Numerex, SAIC – Albuquerque, AFRL - Kirtland, Dept. of Aerospace engineering, Tohoku Univ., Science and Engineering, Waseda Univ., Division of Theoretical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatory Japan, University of Michigan, UNR, Sandia National Laboratories, AWE pcl, LULI, LUTH, CEA-LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, ENS Cachan, CELIA, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, France, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka, Japan, Central laser facitily, UK, University of York, UK, Rice University, AWE Aldermaston, Nevada Terawatt Facility, University of Nevada, Reno, University of York, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, Imperial College London, University of Arizona, U. of Chicago, Naval Research Laboratory, Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA, Sandia National Laboratories, NM 87123 USA, Institute of Physics of Earth, 123995 Moscow, Russia, JNL Scientific, Casa Grande, AZ 85222, USA, University of Nevada at Reno, NV 89523 USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, The University of South Dakota, INFN Pisa, University of Pittsburgh, University of South Alabama, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, University of Wisconsin Madison, Associate Editor, Physical Review Letters, PTB, Braunschweig, U. Conn., TUNL, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Department of Chemistry and IUCF, Indiana University, Oswego State University of New York, Penn State Univ-Altoona, NCATSU, Samford Univ, NCCU, USD, TUNL-NCSU, TUNL-UNC, TUNL-Duke, U. South Dakota, Univ. of S. Dakota, Dakota State Univ., S. Dakota Sch. of Mines \& Tech, S. Dakota State Univ., Augustana College, University of South Dakota, Regis University, University of Texas - Brownsville, Konan U., North Georgia College \& State University, Georgia College \& State University, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Duke/Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, TUNL, UConn, and UMass Amherst, Fermilab, Batavia, IL60510, Sapienza University of Rome, University of California at Berkeley, Center for Gravitational Wave Physics, Professor of Atmospheric Science, UC Berkeley and Co-Director, Berkeley Institute of the Environment, Stanford University, NASA/GSFC, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623

  • D.D. Meyerhofer

    The University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA, NCSU \& TUNL, Duke University \& TUNL, UNC-Chapel Hill \& TUNL, Argonne National Lab, CSNSM, Orsay, France, Washington University, US Naval Academy, Univ. of Oslo, Univ. of Tennessee, Univ. of Manchester, Univ. of Massachusetts, ANL, NBI, Mississippi State Univ., Univ. of Bonn, Germany, Univ. di Milano, Italy, Mississippi State Univ, Univ. of Oslo, Norway, University of Richmond, WNSL, Yale University, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA, UGC-DAE CSR, Kolkata Centre, India, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA, Los Alamos School District, Indiana University, Arizona State University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Penn State Altoona, North Carolina A\&T, University of North Carolina/TUNL, North Carolina State University/TUNL, Duke University/TUNL, Old Dominion University, University of Houston, SID, Knoxville, TN, NASA Langley Research Center, University of Kentucky, Columbia University, University of Toronto, University of Pennsylvania, Penn State University, Yale University, U.S. Department of Energy, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510, USA, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, University of Washington, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Connecticutt, University of Nevada, Reno, The Ohio State University, New Mexico State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Missouri, Columbia, Columbia MO 65211, Physics Division, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago IL 60616, Middle Tennessee State University, UC Santa Cruz, Argonne, SLAC, Penn State, University of Tokyo, Kobe University, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka university, ILE, Osaka university, UCLA, SCIPP, McGill University, Canada, Barnard College, Columbia University, McGill University; Current address: Univ. of British Columbia, Canada, McGill University; Current address: FLWO, McGill Univ., Canada, U. of Alberta \& TRIUMF, Canada, CWRU; Current address: Kent State Univ., CWRU, UCLA; Current address: SLAC, UCLA; Current address: Gemini Observatory, McGill University, Montreal, University of Utah, Purdue University, Stanford/SLAC Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics, Iowa State University, Southern University, Brigham Young University, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, University of North Alabama, University of Kansas, Earlham College, Purdue University Calumet, Florida State University, University of Notre Dame, Gesellschaft f\"ur Schwerionenforschung, Ohio Wesleyan University, California State University, Sacramento, Southern Illinois University, Darmstadt University of Technology, Univ. of Groningen, the Netherlands, IUCF, Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47408-0768, GOO Zaryad Novosibirsk, 630058 Russia, JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan, Helmholtz Inst., Univ. Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Forschungszentrum J$\ddot{\mbox{u}}$lich, IKP, D-52425 J$\ddot{\mbox{u}}$lich, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1040, High Energy Density Physics Group, Institute of Physics, CAS, Harvey Mudd College, University of Texas, University of Chicago, University of Basel, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Duke U. and DFELL, Duke University and TUNL, Cyclotron Laboratory, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, GSI, W. Michigan Univ., GANIL, Indiana Univ., Univ. Laval, Argonne National Laboratory, State University of New York, Oswego, Texas A \& M Cyclotron Institute, ChangWon National University, UT Arlington, Korea National University of Education, Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute, Laboratoire d Optique Appliquee, UMR 7639 ENSTA, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91761 Palaiseau, France, Center for Ultrafast Optical Science and FOCUS Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, University of Rochester Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Yale, NCSU and TUNL, UNC and TUNL, Duke and TUNL, Michigan State University, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Universit\"{a}t Bonn, Universit\"{a}t zu K\"{o}ln, Rutgers University, University of Rochester, California Institute of Technology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Wayne State University, University of Guelph, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, LLNL, Institute of Physics, India, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, NIST, Atomic Physics Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8422, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka-University, LULI, France, York Univ., UK, Osaka Univ., Japan, University of California, San Diego, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC; Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France, The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Swierk, Poland, University of Alberta, General Atomics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Univ. of Rocherser, Univ. of Rochester, Univ. of Michigan, LANL, Prism Comp. Sciences, Swarthmore College, Sandia Nat. Labs., UNM, CASPER - Baylor University, Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Imperial College, OSU, ORNL, MSU, Department of Physics, Washington University, Department of Chemistry, Washington University, NGCSU \& TUNL, Sandia National Lab, Duke U. \& TUNL, Ioffe Physcial Technical Institute, Mississippi State University, Institute for Nuclear Physics, Bucharest, Romania., NASA GSFC, University of Maryland, College Park, Florida Atlantic University, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Maryland, McGill, Chicago, Northwestern, Manitoba, U of TN, Rutgers, ORAU, TTU, CO School of Mines, Texas A\&M University, Duke University / TUNL, Western Michigan University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Ohio University, Marquette University, Illinois Wesleyan University, Central Michigan University, Hope College, Wabash College, NSCL/MSU, Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, Texas A\&M University Cyclotron Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bowdoin College, Louisiana State University, Albert Einstein Institute, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique, France, Heinrich Heine Universitat, Germany, The Queen's University of Belfast, UK, Graduate School of Engineering, Japan, La Sapienza, Italy, MISDC, Moscow, Russia, University of St.Andrews, UK, LUTH, France, University of York, U.K., CEA, France, Insituto Superior T\'ecnico, University of California, Los Angeles, CEA DIF, Lebedev Physical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, TCHILS - The University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas-Austin, Stress Engineering Services, Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, Heinrich-Heine-University, Texas Center for High Intensity Laser Science, University of Texas-Austin, University of Oxford, Center for Quantum Science and Technology under Extreme Conditions, Osaka Univ., Grad. School of Sci., Osaka Univ., Grad. School of Eng., Osaka Univ., Texas Center for High Intensity Laser Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Institute of Laser and Plasma physics, Heinrich-Heine-University, D\"usseldorf, Germany, U. Alberta, UC-Davis, MIT, UCSD, The Ohio State U., Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Nevada Terawatt Facility, University of Nevada at Reno, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, University of Nevada, CEA Bruy\`eres le Chatel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, UCLA Physics, UC Berkeley Nuclear Engineering, CEA, Obervatoire de Paris, Sandia National Laboratory, PPPL, LBNL, Univ. New Mexico, Univ. Nevada - Reno, Numerex, SAIC – Albuquerque, AFRL - Kirtland, Dept. of Aerospace engineering, Tohoku Univ., Science and Engineering, Waseda Univ., Division of Theoretical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatory Japan, University of Michigan, UNR, Sandia National Laboratories, AWE pcl, LULI, LUTH, CEA-LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, ENS Cachan, CELIA, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, France, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka, Japan, Central laser facitily, UK, University of York, UK, Rice University, AWE Aldermaston, Nevada Terawatt Facility, University of Nevada, Reno, University of York, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, Imperial College London, University of Arizona, U. of Chicago, Naval Research Laboratory, Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA, Sandia National Laboratories, NM 87123 USA, Institute of Physics of Earth, 123995 Moscow, Russia, JNL Scientific, Casa Grande, AZ 85222, USA, University of Nevada at Reno, NV 89523 USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, The University of South Dakota, INFN Pisa, University of Pittsburgh, University of South Alabama, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, University of Wisconsin Madison, Associate Editor, Physical Review Letters, PTB, Braunschweig, U. Conn., TUNL, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Department of Chemistry and IUCF, Indiana University, Oswego State University of New York, Penn State Univ-Altoona, NCATSU, Samford Univ, NCCU, USD, TUNL-NCSU, TUNL-UNC, TUNL-Duke, U. South Dakota, Univ. of S. Dakota, Dakota State Univ., S. Dakota Sch. of Mines \& Tech, S. Dakota State Univ., Augustana College, University of South Dakota, Regis University, University of Texas - Brownsville, Konan U., North Georgia College \& State University, Georgia College \& State University, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Duke/Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, TUNL, UConn, and UMass Amherst, Fermilab, Batavia, IL60510, Sapienza University of Rome, University of California at Berkeley, Center for Gravitational Wave Physics, Professor of Atmospheric Science, UC Berkeley and Co-Director, Berkeley Institute of the Environment, Stanford University, NASA/GSFC, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623

  • D.D. Meyerhofer

    The University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA, NCSU \& TUNL, Duke University \& TUNL, UNC-Chapel Hill \& TUNL, Argonne National Lab, CSNSM, Orsay, France, Washington University, US Naval Academy, Univ. of Oslo, Univ. of Tennessee, Univ. of Manchester, Univ. of Massachusetts, ANL, NBI, Mississippi State Univ., Univ. of Bonn, Germany, Univ. di Milano, Italy, Mississippi State Univ, Univ. of Oslo, Norway, University of Richmond, WNSL, Yale University, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA, UGC-DAE CSR, Kolkata Centre, India, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA, Los Alamos School District, Indiana University, Arizona State University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Penn State Altoona, North Carolina A\&T, University of North Carolina/TUNL, North Carolina State University/TUNL, Duke University/TUNL, Old Dominion University, University of Houston, SID, Knoxville, TN, NASA Langley Research Center, University of Kentucky, Columbia University, University of Toronto, University of Pennsylvania, Penn State University, Yale University, U.S. Department of Energy, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510, USA, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, University of Washington, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Connecticutt, University of Nevada, Reno, The Ohio State University, New Mexico State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Missouri, Columbia, Columbia MO 65211, Physics Division, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago IL 60616, Middle Tennessee State University, UC Santa Cruz, Argonne, SLAC, Penn State, University of Tokyo, Kobe University, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka university, ILE, Osaka university, UCLA, SCIPP, McGill University, Canada, Barnard College, Columbia University, McGill University; Current address: Univ. of British Columbia, Canada, McGill University; Current address: FLWO, McGill Univ., Canada, U. of Alberta \& TRIUMF, Canada, CWRU; Current address: Kent State Univ., CWRU, UCLA; Current address: SLAC, UCLA; Current address: Gemini Observatory, McGill University, Montreal, University of Utah, Purdue University, Stanford/SLAC Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics, Iowa State University, Southern University, Brigham Young University, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, University of North Alabama, University of Kansas, Earlham College, Purdue University Calumet, Florida State University, University of Notre Dame, Gesellschaft f\"ur Schwerionenforschung, Ohio Wesleyan University, California State University, Sacramento, Southern Illinois University, Darmstadt University of Technology, Univ. of Groningen, the Netherlands, IUCF, Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47408-0768, GOO Zaryad Novosibirsk, 630058 Russia, JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan, Helmholtz Inst., Univ. Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Forschungszentrum J$\ddot{\mbox{u}}$lich, IKP, D-52425 J$\ddot{\mbox{u}}$lich, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1040, High Energy Density Physics Group, Institute of Physics, CAS, Harvey Mudd College, University of Texas, University of Chicago, University of Basel, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Duke U. and DFELL, Duke University and TUNL, Cyclotron Laboratory, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, GSI, W. Michigan Univ., GANIL, Indiana Univ., Univ. Laval, Argonne National Laboratory, State University of New York, Oswego, Texas A \& M Cyclotron Institute, ChangWon National University, UT Arlington, Korea National University of Education, Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute, Laboratoire d Optique Appliquee, UMR 7639 ENSTA, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91761 Palaiseau, France, Center for Ultrafast Optical Science and FOCUS Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, University of Rochester Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Yale, NCSU and TUNL, UNC and TUNL, Duke and TUNL, Michigan State University, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Universit\"{a}t Bonn, Universit\"{a}t zu K\"{o}ln, Rutgers University, University of Rochester, California Institute of Technology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Wayne State University, University of Guelph, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, LLNL, Institute of Physics, India, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, NIST, Atomic Physics Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8422, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka-University, LULI, France, York Univ., UK, Osaka Univ., Japan, University of California, San Diego, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC; Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France, The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Swierk, Poland, University of Alberta, General Atomics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Univ. of Rocherser, Univ. of Rochester, Univ. of Michigan, LANL, Prism Comp. Sciences, Swarthmore College, Sandia Nat. Labs., UNM, CASPER - Baylor University, Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Imperial College, OSU, ORNL, MSU, Department of Physics, Washington University, Department of Chemistry, Washington University, NGCSU \& TUNL, Sandia National Lab, Duke U. \& TUNL, Ioffe Physcial Technical Institute, Mississippi State University, Institute for Nuclear Physics, Bucharest, Romania., NASA GSFC, University of Maryland, College Park, Florida Atlantic University, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Maryland, McGill, Chicago, Northwestern, Manitoba, U of TN, Rutgers, ORAU, TTU, CO School of Mines, Texas A\&M University, Duke University / TUNL, Western Michigan University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Ohio University, Marquette University, Illinois Wesleyan University, Central Michigan University, Hope College, Wabash College, NSCL/MSU, Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, Texas A\&M University Cyclotron Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bowdoin College, Louisiana State University, Albert Einstein Institute, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique, France, Heinrich Heine Universitat, Germany, The Queen's University of Belfast, UK, Graduate School of Engineering, Japan, La Sapienza, Italy, MISDC, Moscow, Russia, University of St.Andrews, UK, LUTH, France, University of York, U.K., CEA, France, Insituto Superior T\'ecnico, University of California, Los Angeles, CEA DIF, Lebedev Physical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, TCHILS - The University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas-Austin, Stress Engineering Services, Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, Heinrich-Heine-University, Texas Center for High Intensity Laser Science, University of Texas-Austin, University of Oxford, Center for Quantum Science and Technology under Extreme Conditions, Osaka Univ., Grad. School of Sci., Osaka Univ., Grad. School of Eng., Osaka Univ., Texas Center for High Intensity Laser Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Institute of Laser and Plasma physics, Heinrich-Heine-University, D\"usseldorf, Germany, U. Alberta, UC-Davis, MIT, UCSD, The Ohio State U., Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Nevada Terawatt Facility, University of Nevada at Reno, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, University of Nevada, CEA Bruy\`eres le Chatel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, UCLA Physics, UC Berkeley Nuclear Engineering, CEA, Obervatoire de Paris, Sandia National Laboratory, PPPL, LBNL, Univ. New Mexico, Univ. Nevada - Reno, Numerex, SAIC – Albuquerque, AFRL - Kirtland, Dept. of Aerospace engineering, Tohoku Univ., Science and Engineering, Waseda Univ., Division of Theoretical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatory Japan, University of Michigan, UNR, Sandia National Laboratories, AWE pcl, LULI, LUTH, CEA-LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, ENS Cachan, CELIA, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, France, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka, Japan, Central laser facitily, UK, University of York, UK, Rice University, AWE Aldermaston, Nevada Terawatt Facility, University of Nevada, Reno, University of York, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, Imperial College London, University of Arizona, U. of Chicago, Naval Research Laboratory, Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA, Sandia National Laboratories, NM 87123 USA, Institute of Physics of Earth, 123995 Moscow, Russia, JNL Scientific, Casa Grande, AZ 85222, USA, University of Nevada at Reno, NV 89523 USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, The University of South Dakota, INFN Pisa, University of Pittsburgh, University of South Alabama, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, University of Wisconsin Madison, Associate Editor, Physical Review Letters, PTB, Braunschweig, U. Conn., TUNL, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Department of Chemistry and IUCF, Indiana University, Oswego State University of New York, Penn State Univ-Altoona, NCATSU, Samford Univ, NCCU, USD, TUNL-NCSU, TUNL-UNC, TUNL-Duke, U. South Dakota, Univ. of S. Dakota, Dakota State Univ., S. Dakota Sch. of Mines \& Tech, S. Dakota State Univ., Augustana College, University of South Dakota, Regis University, University of Texas - Brownsville, Konan U., North Georgia College \& State University, Georgia College \& State University, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Duke/Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, TUNL, UConn, and UMass Amherst, Fermilab, Batavia, IL60510, Sapienza University of Rome, University of California at Berkeley, Center for Gravitational Wave Physics, Professor of Atmospheric Science, UC Berkeley and Co-Director, Berkeley Institute of the Environment, Stanford University, NASA/GSFC, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623

  • D.D. Meyerhofer

    The University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA, NCSU \& TUNL, Duke University \& TUNL, UNC-Chapel Hill \& TUNL, Argonne National Lab, CSNSM, Orsay, France, Washington University, US Naval Academy, Univ. of Oslo, Univ. of Tennessee, Univ. of Manchester, Univ. of Massachusetts, ANL, NBI, Mississippi State Univ., Univ. of Bonn, Germany, Univ. di Milano, Italy, Mississippi State Univ, Univ. of Oslo, Norway, University of Richmond, WNSL, Yale University, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA, UGC-DAE CSR, Kolkata Centre, India, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA, Los Alamos School District, Indiana University, Arizona State University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Penn State Altoona, North Carolina A\&T, University of North Carolina/TUNL, North Carolina State University/TUNL, Duke University/TUNL, Old Dominion University, University of Houston, SID, Knoxville, TN, NASA Langley Research Center, University of Kentucky, Columbia University, University of Toronto, University of Pennsylvania, Penn State University, Yale University, U.S. Department of Energy, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510, USA, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, University of Washington, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Connecticutt, University of Nevada, Reno, The Ohio State University, New Mexico State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Missouri, Columbia, Columbia MO 65211, Physics Division, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago IL 60616, Middle Tennessee State University, UC Santa Cruz, Argonne, SLAC, Penn State, University of Tokyo, Kobe University, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka university, ILE, Osaka university, UCLA, SCIPP, McGill University, Canada, Barnard College, Columbia University, McGill University; Current address: Univ. of British Columbia, Canada, McGill University; Current address: FLWO, McGill Univ., Canada, U. of Alberta \& TRIUMF, Canada, CWRU; Current address: Kent State Univ., CWRU, UCLA; Current address: SLAC, UCLA; Current address: Gemini Observatory, McGill University, Montreal, University of Utah, Purdue University, Stanford/SLAC Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics, Iowa State University, Southern University, Brigham Young University, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, University of North Alabama, University of Kansas, Earlham College, Purdue University Calumet, Florida State University, University of Notre Dame, Gesellschaft f\"ur Schwerionenforschung, Ohio Wesleyan University, California State University, Sacramento, Southern Illinois University, Darmstadt University of Technology, Univ. of Groningen, the Netherlands, IUCF, Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47408-0768, GOO Zaryad Novosibirsk, 630058 Russia, JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan, Helmholtz Inst., Univ. Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Forschungszentrum J$\ddot{\mbox{u}}$lich, IKP, D-52425 J$\ddot{\mbox{u}}$lich, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1040, High Energy Density Physics Group, Institute of Physics, CAS, Harvey Mudd College, University of Texas, University of Chicago, University of Basel, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Duke U. and DFELL, Duke University and TUNL, Cyclotron Laboratory, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, GSI, W. Michigan Univ., GANIL, Indiana Univ., Univ. Laval, Argonne National Laboratory, State University of New York, Oswego, Texas A \& M Cyclotron Institute, ChangWon National University, UT Arlington, Korea National University of Education, Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute, Laboratoire d Optique Appliquee, UMR 7639 ENSTA, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91761 Palaiseau, France, Center for Ultrafast Optical Science and FOCUS Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, University of Rochester Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Yale, NCSU and TUNL, UNC and TUNL, Duke and TUNL, Michigan State University, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Universit\"{a}t Bonn, Universit\"{a}t zu K\"{o}ln, Rutgers University, University of Rochester, California Institute of Technology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Wayne State University, University of Guelph, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, LLNL, Institute of Physics, India, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, NIST, Atomic Physics Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8422, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka-University, LULI, France, York Univ., UK, Osaka Univ., Japan, University of California, San Diego, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC; Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France, The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Swierk, Poland, University of Alberta, General Atomics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Univ. of Rocherser, Univ. of Rochester, Univ. of Michigan, LANL, Prism Comp. Sciences, Swarthmore College, Sandia Nat. Labs., UNM, CASPER - Baylor University, Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Imperial College, OSU, ORNL, MSU, Department of Physics, Washington University, Department of Chemistry, Washington University, NGCSU \& TUNL, Sandia National Lab, Duke U. \& TUNL, Ioffe Physcial Technical Institute, Mississippi State University, Institute for Nuclear Physics, Bucharest, Romania., NASA GSFC, University of Maryland, College Park, Florida Atlantic University, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Maryland, McGill, Chicago, Northwestern, Manitoba, U of TN, Rutgers, ORAU, TTU, CO School of Mines, Texas A\&M University, Duke University / TUNL, Western Michigan University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Ohio University, Marquette University, Illinois Wesleyan University, Central Michigan University, Hope College, Wabash College, NSCL/MSU, Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, Texas A\&M University Cyclotron Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bowdoin College, Louisiana State University, Albert Einstein Institute, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique, France, Heinrich Heine Universitat, Germany, The Queen's University of Belfast, UK, Graduate School of Engineering, Japan, La Sapienza, Italy, MISDC, Moscow, Russia, University of St.Andrews, UK, LUTH, France, University of York, U.K., CEA, France, Insituto Superior T\'ecnico, University of California, Los Angeles, CEA DIF, Lebedev Physical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, TCHILS - The University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas-Austin, Stress Engineering Services, Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, Heinrich-Heine-University, Texas Center for High Intensity Laser Science, University of Texas-Austin, University of Oxford, Center for Quantum Science and Technology under Extreme Conditions, Osaka Univ., Grad. School of Sci., Osaka Univ., Grad. School of Eng., Osaka Univ., Texas Center for High Intensity Laser Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Institute of Laser and Plasma physics, Heinrich-Heine-University, D\"usseldorf, Germany, U. Alberta, UC-Davis, MIT, UCSD, The Ohio State U., Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Nevada Terawatt Facility, University of Nevada at Reno, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, University of Nevada, CEA Bruy\`eres le Chatel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, UCLA Physics, UC Berkeley Nuclear Engineering, CEA, Obervatoire de Paris, Sandia National Laboratory, PPPL, LBNL, Univ. New Mexico, Univ. Nevada - Reno, Numerex, SAIC – Albuquerque, AFRL - Kirtland, Dept. of Aerospace engineering, Tohoku Univ., Science and Engineering, Waseda Univ., Division of Theoretical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatory Japan, University of Michigan, UNR, Sandia National Laboratories, AWE pcl, LULI, LUTH, CEA-LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, ENS Cachan, CELIA, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, France, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka, Japan, Central laser facitily, UK, University of York, UK, Rice University, AWE Aldermaston, Nevada Terawatt Facility, University of Nevada, Reno, University of York, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, Imperial College London, University of Arizona, U. of Chicago, Naval Research Laboratory, Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA, Sandia National Laboratories, NM 87123 USA, Institute of Physics of Earth, 123995 Moscow, Russia, JNL Scientific, Casa Grande, AZ 85222, USA, University of Nevada at Reno, NV 89523 USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, The University of South Dakota, INFN Pisa, University of Pittsburgh, University of South Alabama, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, University of Wisconsin Madison, Associate Editor, Physical Review Letters, PTB, Braunschweig, U. Conn., TUNL, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Department of Chemistry and IUCF, Indiana University, Oswego State University of New York, Penn State Univ-Altoona, NCATSU, Samford Univ, NCCU, USD, TUNL-NCSU, TUNL-UNC, TUNL-Duke, U. South Dakota, Univ. of S. Dakota, Dakota State Univ., S. Dakota Sch. of Mines \& Tech, S. Dakota State Univ., Augustana College, University of South Dakota, Regis University, University of Texas - Brownsville, Konan U., North Georgia College \& State University, Georgia College \& State University, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Duke/Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, TUNL, UConn, and UMass Amherst, Fermilab, Batavia, IL60510, Sapienza University of Rome, University of California at Berkeley, Center for Gravitational Wave Physics, Professor of Atmospheric Science, UC Berkeley and Co-Director, Berkeley Institute of the Environment, Stanford University, NASA/GSFC, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623