Edward A. Bouchet Award Talk: Nuclear liquid-gas phase diagram - What have learned?

Heavy ion reactions started fragmenting nuclei since the 1980. In the intervening decades the study of such fragmentations taught us that nuclear matter has both liquid and gaseous phases that can undergo phase transitions, can exhibit critical phenomena, and many other rich phenomena. In this talk a summary of experimental and theoretical efforts leading to the understanding of the thermodynamical properties of nuclear matter will be presented, including those recent ones that extend the phase diagram in a new direction: isospin.