Proprietary Manned Space Flight Proposals, 1973 to 2013, plus !

In 1973 a concept for a manned space flight experiment was submitted to NASA as an unsolicited proprietary proposal.$^{\mathrm{1,\ast \thinspace }}$In 1998$^{\mathrm{\ast }}$, 2004$^{\mathrm{\ast }}$, and 2013$^{\mathrm{\ast }}$ proposals successively more details were provided. An abbreviation of the 1998 proposal was published.$^{\mathrm{2}}$ By 2013 the five technical variables of 1998 had increased to over ten. Some technical and management details of the proposals will be presented and updated. The first flight of two could use some hardware now being developed. The experiment seems superior to any mission publicly advocated by NASA, so this talk's purpose is to encourage NASA to delay landing humans on Mars until the first spacecraft can be developed and activated. $^{\mathrm{1}}$P. C. Fisher, The Large Space Telescope as a Unique Opportunity (1973). $^{\mathrm{2}}$P. C. Fisher, Reentering the Gravitational Fringe Field of the Solar System, ASP Conf. Series \textbf{194}, 373 (1999). $^{\mathrm{\ast }}$Complete proposals are in the Philip C. Fisher papers, Niels Bohr Library and Archives, American Institute of Physics (available one year after author's death). !Work after 1982 supported by successive forms of Ruffner Associates.