High-rate axial-field ionization chamber for particle identification of Radioactive beams

ORAL

Abstract

The design, construction and performance characteristics of a simple axial-field ionization chamber suitable for identifying ions in a radioactive beam are presented. The detector is optimized for use with low-energy radioactive beams ($<$) 5 MeV/A. A fast charge sensitive amplifier (CSA) integrated into the detector design is also described. Coupling this fast CSA to the axial field ionization chamber produces an output pulse with a rise-time of 60 to 70 ns and a fall time of 100 ns, making the detector capable of sustaining a relatively high rate while providing a time resolution of 6 to 8 ns. Tests with an $\alpha$ source establish the detector energy resolution as $\approx$8$\%$ for an energy deposit of $\approx$3.5 MeV. Beam tests indicate that the detector is an effective tool for the characterization of low-energy radioactive beams at beam intensities up to 3 x 10$^5$ ions/s.

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Authors

  • Romualdo Desouza

    Indiana Univ - Bloomington

  • Justin Vadas

    Indiana Univ - Bloomington

  • Varinderjit Singh

    Indiana Univ - Bloomington

  • Nick Colmenares

    Los Alamos National Laboratory, Tsinghua Univ, Univ of Tennessee, Western Michigan Univ, Goether Univ, Washington Univ, UMass Lowell, Univ of Hong Kong, Michigan State Univ, ANL, UMD College Park, Cyclotron Institute, Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, TU Darmstadt, Germany, University of York, United Kingdom, University of Cologne, Germany, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, USA, Simon Fraser University, University of York, TU Darmstadt, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Osaka University, RCNP, TU Darmstadt, Michigan State University/National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Albert Einstein Institute, CITA, University of Toronto, California Institute of Technology, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Northwestern University, California State University, Fullerton, Georgia Institute of Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Sichuan U, Caltech, University of Florida, Goddard Space Flight Center, LIGO Hanford Observatory, University of Texas at Arlington, Florida State Univ, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, Princeton University, Harvard University, None, FHNW, SSL, ISZF, Ioffe-Institute, Stanford Univ, BAERI, LMSAL, Stanford Univ, INFN Pisa (Italy), New York City College of Technology, CUNY, ITI Vietnam National University, Univ of Chicago, Rochester Inst of Tech, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, Montana State University, University of Southampton, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan, University of Mississippi, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Cambridge, NCSA University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Fort Hare, Georgia Institue of Technology, Georgia Inst of Tech, South Dakota State University, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Fairfield University, University of Iowa, Sinop University, Bingol University, CERN, Washington University in St. Louis, Michigan State University, Argonne National Lab, University of Science and Technology of China, University of Kentucky, Michigan State University and NSCL, USA, J{\&#034;u}lich Centre for Neutron Science, Germany, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Germany, Technische Universit{\&#034;a}t M{\&#034;u}nchen, Germany, University of Michigan, USA, Ohio University, University of Manchester, Vinca Institute, University of Belgrade, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Los Alamos National Lab, NASA/GSFC, University of Amsterdam, University of Wuerzburg, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, UNSW Australia, University of Victoria, BC, Canada, and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Queen&#039;s University, Belfast, UK, Bowie State University, MD, University of Manitoba, McGill University, Louisiana State University, University of California, Irvine, Soreq NRC, Yavne 81800, Israel, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Argonne National Laboratory, LLNL, Univ of Notre Dame, Univ of Manitoba, McGill Univ, LBL, LSU, UC Berkeley, University of Notre Dame, University of California, Berkeley, University of Chicago, University of Bonn, University of Bonn, Research Center Julich, George Washington Univ, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, University of Kansas, INFN, ASI Science Data Center, Clemson University, MIT, Hiroshima University, Astrophysical Science Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Science Data Center, Linnaeus University, Florida International University, University of Maryland, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Tel Aviv U., TAMU, TRIUMF, U. Manitoba, U. British Columbia, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M Univ., Univ. of Manitoba, Tel Aviv Univ., Pennsylvania State Univ, Texas A&M University, Aichi University of Education, Duke University, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Univ of Virginia, Alchemy Logic Systems, Santa Rosa CA, U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, U. of North Carolina, California Institute of Tech., Argonne Natl Lab, North Carolina State U., Louisiana State U., Columbia U., Pen. State U., NIST - Natl Inst of Stds & Tech, Multiple Institutions, Univ of Mass - Amherst, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Washington University, Washington U., University of Colorado Boulder, Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Chapman University, Independent Researcher, Liaoning Normal University, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, UNC, NIST, Boulder, NIST, Gaithersburg, NC State University, NRC/NRL, Praxis/NRL, CRESST/GSFC, Texas Tech, INAF-IASF/INFN, NASA/MSFC, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cornell, Univ of Washington, Gettysburg College, Zhejiang University, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Sorbonne Universites, The Ohio State University, Weizmann Institute of Science, The Ohio State University, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California Institute of Technology, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Western Michigan University, GANIL, Indiana Univ - Bloomington, Vanderbilt University, Florida State University, San Diego State University, Univ of Michigan - Ann Arbor, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, University of Utah, Osaka City University, Humboldt State University, University of Arkansas Fayetteville, University of California Santa Cruz, the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Universidad de los Andes, University of Regina, University of New Mexico, Brookhaven National Lab, Stony Brook University, Colorado State University, University of South Dakota, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, University of Maryland, College Park, Cornell University, CITA, McGill University; University of Illinois at Ubana-Champaign, West Virginia University, Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), IFIBA/ICAS, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Catholic Univ of America, University of Washington, Catholic Univ of America and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Regis University, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Univ of Nevada - Reno, University of Victoria, BC, Canada, and Perimeter Institute, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Indiana University, Brigham Young Univ - Provo, Bowdoin College, Ohio State University, University of Wisconsin, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidad de Murcia, Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (AEI), Golm, Northern New Mexico College, Tufts University, IKERBASQUE, Penn State, Drexel University, SLAC \& Stanford U., Stony Brook U., UC, Berkeley, Argelander Inst. for Astron., Stanford U. \& SLAC Nat. Accel. Lab., Stanford U., Durham U., U. of Edinburgh, Max Planck Inst. for Astrophys., U. of Copenhagen, Instituto Superior T\&#039;ecnico, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, University of California, Wellesley College, Morehouse College

  • Nick Colmenares

    Los Alamos National Laboratory, Tsinghua Univ, Univ of Tennessee, Western Michigan Univ, Goether Univ, Washington Univ, UMass Lowell, Univ of Hong Kong, Michigan State Univ, ANL, UMD College Park, Cyclotron Institute, Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, TU Darmstadt, Germany, University of York, United Kingdom, University of Cologne, Germany, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, USA, Simon Fraser University, University of York, TU Darmstadt, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Osaka University, RCNP, TU Darmstadt, Michigan State University/National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Albert Einstein Institute, CITA, University of Toronto, California Institute of Technology, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Northwestern University, California State University, Fullerton, Georgia Institute of Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Sichuan U, Caltech, University of Florida, Goddard Space Flight Center, LIGO Hanford Observatory, University of Texas at Arlington, Florida State Univ, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, Princeton University, Harvard University, None, FHNW, SSL, ISZF, Ioffe-Institute, Stanford Univ, BAERI, LMSAL, Stanford Univ, INFN Pisa (Italy), New York City College of Technology, CUNY, ITI Vietnam National University, Univ of Chicago, Rochester Inst of Tech, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, Montana State University, University of Southampton, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan, University of Mississippi, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Cambridge, NCSA University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Fort Hare, Georgia Institue of Technology, Georgia Inst of Tech, South Dakota State University, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Fairfield University, University of Iowa, Sinop University, Bingol University, CERN, Washington University in St. Louis, Michigan State University, Argonne National Lab, University of Science and Technology of China, University of Kentucky, Michigan State University and NSCL, USA, J{\&#034;u}lich Centre for Neutron Science, Germany, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Germany, Technische Universit{\&#034;a}t M{\&#034;u}nchen, Germany, University of Michigan, USA, Ohio University, University of Manchester, Vinca Institute, University of Belgrade, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Los Alamos National Lab, NASA/GSFC, University of Amsterdam, University of Wuerzburg, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, UNSW Australia, University of Victoria, BC, Canada, and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Queen&#039;s University, Belfast, UK, Bowie State University, MD, University of Manitoba, McGill University, Louisiana State University, University of California, Irvine, Soreq NRC, Yavne 81800, Israel, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Argonne National Laboratory, LLNL, Univ of Notre Dame, Univ of Manitoba, McGill Univ, LBL, LSU, UC Berkeley, University of Notre Dame, University of California, Berkeley, University of Chicago, University of Bonn, University of Bonn, Research Center Julich, George Washington Univ, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, University of Kansas, INFN, ASI Science Data Center, Clemson University, MIT, Hiroshima University, Astrophysical Science Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Science Data Center, Linnaeus University, Florida International University, University of Maryland, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Tel Aviv U., TAMU, TRIUMF, U. Manitoba, U. British Columbia, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M Univ., Univ. of Manitoba, Tel Aviv Univ., Pennsylvania State Univ, Texas A&M University, Aichi University of Education, Duke University, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Univ of Virginia, Alchemy Logic Systems, Santa Rosa CA, U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, U. of North Carolina, California Institute of Tech., Argonne Natl Lab, North Carolina State U., Louisiana State U., Columbia U., Pen. State U., NIST - Natl Inst of Stds & Tech, Multiple Institutions, Univ of Mass - Amherst, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Washington University, Washington U., University of Colorado Boulder, Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Chapman University, Independent Researcher, Liaoning Normal University, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, UNC, NIST, Boulder, NIST, Gaithersburg, NC State University, NRC/NRL, Praxis/NRL, CRESST/GSFC, Texas Tech, INAF-IASF/INFN, NASA/MSFC, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cornell, Univ of Washington, Gettysburg College, Zhejiang University, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Sorbonne Universites, The Ohio State University, Weizmann Institute of Science, The Ohio State University, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California Institute of Technology, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Western Michigan University, GANIL, Indiana Univ - Bloomington, Vanderbilt University, Florida State University, San Diego State University, Univ of Michigan - Ann Arbor, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, University of Utah, Osaka City University, Humboldt State University, University of Arkansas Fayetteville, University of California Santa Cruz, the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Universidad de los Andes, University of Regina, University of New Mexico, Brookhaven National Lab, Stony Brook University, Colorado State University, University of South Dakota, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, University of Maryland, College Park, Cornell University, CITA, McGill University; University of Illinois at Ubana-Champaign, West Virginia University, Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), IFIBA/ICAS, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Catholic Univ of America, University of Washington, Catholic Univ of America and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Regis University, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Univ of Nevada - Reno, University of Victoria, BC, Canada, and Perimeter Institute, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Indiana University, Brigham Young Univ - Provo, Bowdoin College, Ohio State University, University of Wisconsin, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidad de Murcia, Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (AEI), Golm, Northern New Mexico College, Tufts University, IKERBASQUE, Penn State, Drexel University, SLAC \& Stanford U., Stony Brook U., UC, Berkeley, Argelander Inst. for Astron., Stanford U. \& SLAC Nat. Accel. Lab., Stanford U., Durham U., U. of Edinburgh, Max Planck Inst. for Astrophys., U. of Copenhagen, Instituto Superior T\&#039;ecnico, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, University of California, Wellesley College, Morehouse College

  • S. Hudan

    Indiana Univ - Bloomington

  • Nick Colmenares

    Los Alamos National Laboratory, Tsinghua Univ, Univ of Tennessee, Western Michigan Univ, Goether Univ, Washington Univ, UMass Lowell, Univ of Hong Kong, Michigan State Univ, ANL, UMD College Park, Cyclotron Institute, Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, TU Darmstadt, Germany, University of York, United Kingdom, University of Cologne, Germany, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, USA, Simon Fraser University, University of York, TU Darmstadt, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Osaka University, RCNP, TU Darmstadt, Michigan State University/National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Albert Einstein Institute, CITA, University of Toronto, California Institute of Technology, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Northwestern University, California State University, Fullerton, Georgia Institute of Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Sichuan U, Caltech, University of Florida, Goddard Space Flight Center, LIGO Hanford Observatory, University of Texas at Arlington, Florida State Univ, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, Princeton University, Harvard University, None, FHNW, SSL, ISZF, Ioffe-Institute, Stanford Univ, BAERI, LMSAL, Stanford Univ, INFN Pisa (Italy), New York City College of Technology, CUNY, ITI Vietnam National University, Univ of Chicago, Rochester Inst of Tech, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, Montana State University, University of Southampton, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan, University of Mississippi, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Cambridge, NCSA University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Fort Hare, Georgia Institue of Technology, Georgia Inst of Tech, South Dakota State University, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Fairfield University, University of Iowa, Sinop University, Bingol University, CERN, Washington University in St. Louis, Michigan State University, Argonne National Lab, University of Science and Technology of China, University of Kentucky, Michigan State University and NSCL, USA, J{\&#034;u}lich Centre for Neutron Science, Germany, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Germany, Technische Universit{\&#034;a}t M{\&#034;u}nchen, Germany, University of Michigan, USA, Ohio University, University of Manchester, Vinca Institute, University of Belgrade, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Los Alamos National Lab, NASA/GSFC, University of Amsterdam, University of Wuerzburg, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, UNSW Australia, University of Victoria, BC, Canada, and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Queen&#039;s University, Belfast, UK, Bowie State University, MD, University of Manitoba, McGill University, Louisiana State University, University of California, Irvine, Soreq NRC, Yavne 81800, Israel, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Argonne National Laboratory, LLNL, Univ of Notre Dame, Univ of Manitoba, McGill Univ, LBL, LSU, UC Berkeley, University of Notre Dame, University of California, Berkeley, University of Chicago, University of Bonn, University of Bonn, Research Center Julich, George Washington Univ, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, University of Kansas, INFN, ASI Science Data Center, Clemson University, MIT, Hiroshima University, Astrophysical Science Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Science Data Center, Linnaeus University, Florida International University, University of Maryland, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Tel Aviv U., TAMU, TRIUMF, U. Manitoba, U. British Columbia, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M Univ., Univ. of Manitoba, Tel Aviv Univ., Pennsylvania State Univ, Texas A&M University, Aichi University of Education, Duke University, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Univ of Virginia, Alchemy Logic Systems, Santa Rosa CA, U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, U. of North Carolina, California Institute of Tech., Argonne Natl Lab, North Carolina State U., Louisiana State U., Columbia U., Pen. State U., NIST - Natl Inst of Stds & Tech, Multiple Institutions, Univ of Mass - Amherst, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Washington University, Washington U., University of Colorado Boulder, Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Chapman University, Independent Researcher, Liaoning Normal University, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, UNC, NIST, Boulder, NIST, Gaithersburg, NC State University, NRC/NRL, Praxis/NRL, CRESST/GSFC, Texas Tech, INAF-IASF/INFN, NASA/MSFC, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cornell, Univ of Washington, Gettysburg College, Zhejiang University, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Sorbonne Universites, The Ohio State University, Weizmann Institute of Science, The Ohio State University, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California Institute of Technology, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Western Michigan University, GANIL, Indiana Univ - Bloomington, Vanderbilt University, Florida State University, San Diego State University, Univ of Michigan - Ann Arbor, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, University of Utah, Osaka City University, Humboldt State University, University of Arkansas Fayetteville, University of California Santa Cruz, the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Universidad de los Andes, University of Regina, University of New Mexico, Brookhaven National Lab, Stony Brook University, Colorado State University, University of South Dakota, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, University of Maryland, College Park, Cornell University, CITA, McGill University; University of Illinois at Ubana-Champaign, West Virginia University, Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), IFIBA/ICAS, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Catholic Univ of America, University of Washington, Catholic Univ of America and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Regis University, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Univ of Nevada - Reno, University of Victoria, BC, Canada, and Perimeter Institute, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Indiana University, Brigham Young Univ - Provo, Bowdoin College, Ohio State University, University of Wisconsin, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidad de Murcia, Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (AEI), Golm, Northern New Mexico College, Tufts University, IKERBASQUE, Penn State, Drexel University, SLAC \& Stanford U., Stony Brook U., UC, Berkeley, Argelander Inst. for Astron., Stanford U. \& SLAC Nat. Accel. Lab., Stanford U., Durham U., U. of Edinburgh, Max Planck Inst. for Astrophys., U. of Copenhagen, Instituto Superior T\&#039;ecnico, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, University of California, Wellesley College, Morehouse College

  • Nick Colmenares

    Los Alamos National Laboratory, Tsinghua Univ, Univ of Tennessee, Western Michigan Univ, Goether Univ, Washington Univ, UMass Lowell, Univ of Hong Kong, Michigan State Univ, ANL, UMD College Park, Cyclotron Institute, Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, TU Darmstadt, Germany, University of York, United Kingdom, University of Cologne, Germany, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, USA, Simon Fraser University, University of York, TU Darmstadt, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Osaka University, RCNP, TU Darmstadt, Michigan State University/National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Albert Einstein Institute, CITA, University of Toronto, California Institute of Technology, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Northwestern University, California State University, Fullerton, Georgia Institute of Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Sichuan U, Caltech, University of Florida, Goddard Space Flight Center, LIGO Hanford Observatory, University of Texas at Arlington, Florida State Univ, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, Princeton University, Harvard University, None, FHNW, SSL, ISZF, Ioffe-Institute, Stanford Univ, BAERI, LMSAL, Stanford Univ, INFN Pisa (Italy), New York City College of Technology, CUNY, ITI Vietnam National University, Univ of Chicago, Rochester Inst of Tech, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, Montana State University, University of Southampton, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan, University of Mississippi, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Cambridge, NCSA University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Fort Hare, Georgia Institue of Technology, Georgia Inst of Tech, South Dakota State University, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Fairfield University, University of Iowa, Sinop University, Bingol University, CERN, Washington University in St. Louis, Michigan State University, Argonne National Lab, University of Science and Technology of China, University of Kentucky, Michigan State University and NSCL, USA, J{\&#034;u}lich Centre for Neutron Science, Germany, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Germany, Technische Universit{\&#034;a}t M{\&#034;u}nchen, Germany, University of Michigan, USA, Ohio University, University of Manchester, Vinca Institute, University of Belgrade, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Los Alamos National Lab, NASA/GSFC, University of Amsterdam, University of Wuerzburg, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, UNSW Australia, University of Victoria, BC, Canada, and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Queen&#039;s University, Belfast, UK, Bowie State University, MD, University of Manitoba, McGill University, Louisiana State University, University of California, Irvine, Soreq NRC, Yavne 81800, Israel, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Argonne National Laboratory, LLNL, Univ of Notre Dame, Univ of Manitoba, McGill Univ, LBL, LSU, UC Berkeley, University of Notre Dame, University of California, Berkeley, University of Chicago, University of Bonn, University of Bonn, Research Center Julich, George Washington Univ, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, University of Kansas, INFN, ASI Science Data Center, Clemson University, MIT, Hiroshima University, Astrophysical Science Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Science Data Center, Linnaeus University, Florida International University, University of Maryland, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Tel Aviv U., TAMU, TRIUMF, U. Manitoba, U. British Columbia, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M Univ., Univ. of Manitoba, Tel Aviv Univ., Pennsylvania State Univ, Texas A&M University, Aichi University of Education, Duke University, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Univ of Virginia, Alchemy Logic Systems, Santa Rosa CA, U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, U. of North Carolina, California Institute of Tech., Argonne Natl Lab, North Carolina State U., Louisiana State U., Columbia U., Pen. State U., NIST - Natl Inst of Stds & Tech, Multiple Institutions, Univ of Mass - Amherst, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Washington University, Washington U., University of Colorado Boulder, Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Chapman University, Independent Researcher, Liaoning Normal University, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, UNC, NIST, Boulder, NIST, Gaithersburg, NC State University, NRC/NRL, Praxis/NRL, CRESST/GSFC, Texas Tech, INAF-IASF/INFN, NASA/MSFC, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cornell, Univ of Washington, Gettysburg College, Zhejiang University, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Sorbonne Universites, The Ohio State University, Weizmann Institute of Science, The Ohio State University, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California Institute of Technology, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Western Michigan University, GANIL, Indiana Univ - Bloomington, Vanderbilt University, Florida State University, San Diego State University, Univ of Michigan - Ann Arbor, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, University of Utah, Osaka City University, Humboldt State University, University of Arkansas Fayetteville, University of California Santa Cruz, the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Universidad de los Andes, University of Regina, University of New Mexico, Brookhaven National Lab, Stony Brook University, Colorado State University, University of South Dakota, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, University of Maryland, College Park, Cornell University, CITA, McGill University; University of Illinois at Ubana-Champaign, West Virginia University, Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), IFIBA/ICAS, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Catholic Univ of America, University of Washington, Catholic Univ of America and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Regis University, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Univ of Nevada - Reno, University of Victoria, BC, Canada, and Perimeter Institute, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Indiana University, Brigham Young Univ - Provo, Bowdoin College, Ohio State University, University of Wisconsin, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidad de Murcia, Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (AEI), Golm, Northern New Mexico College, Tufts University, IKERBASQUE, Penn State, Drexel University, SLAC \& Stanford U., Stony Brook U., UC, Berkeley, Argelander Inst. for Astron., Stanford U. \& SLAC Nat. Accel. Lab., Stanford U., Durham U., U. of Edinburgh, Max Planck Inst. for Astrophys., U. of Copenhagen, Instituto Superior T\&#039;ecnico, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, University of California, Wellesley College, Morehouse College

  • Nick Colmenares

    Los Alamos National Laboratory, Tsinghua Univ, Univ of Tennessee, Western Michigan Univ, Goether Univ, Washington Univ, UMass Lowell, Univ of Hong Kong, Michigan State Univ, ANL, UMD College Park, Cyclotron Institute, Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, TU Darmstadt, Germany, University of York, United Kingdom, University of Cologne, Germany, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, USA, Simon Fraser University, University of York, TU Darmstadt, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Osaka University, RCNP, TU Darmstadt, Michigan State University/National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Albert Einstein Institute, CITA, University of Toronto, California Institute of Technology, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Northwestern University, California State University, Fullerton, Georgia Institute of Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Sichuan U, Caltech, University of Florida, Goddard Space Flight Center, LIGO Hanford Observatory, University of Texas at Arlington, Florida State Univ, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, Princeton University, Harvard University, None, FHNW, SSL, ISZF, Ioffe-Institute, Stanford Univ, BAERI, LMSAL, Stanford Univ, INFN Pisa (Italy), New York City College of Technology, CUNY, ITI Vietnam National University, Univ of Chicago, Rochester Inst of Tech, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, Montana State University, University of Southampton, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan, University of Mississippi, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Cambridge, NCSA University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Fort Hare, Georgia Institue of Technology, Georgia Inst of Tech, South Dakota State University, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Fairfield University, University of Iowa, Sinop University, Bingol University, CERN, Washington University in St. Louis, Michigan State University, Argonne National Lab, University of Science and Technology of China, University of Kentucky, Michigan State University and NSCL, USA, J{\&#034;u}lich Centre for Neutron Science, Germany, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Germany, Technische Universit{\&#034;a}t M{\&#034;u}nchen, Germany, University of Michigan, USA, Ohio University, University of Manchester, Vinca Institute, University of Belgrade, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Los Alamos National Lab, NASA/GSFC, University of Amsterdam, University of Wuerzburg, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, UNSW Australia, University of Victoria, BC, Canada, and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Queen&#039;s University, Belfast, UK, Bowie State University, MD, University of Manitoba, McGill University, Louisiana State University, University of California, Irvine, Soreq NRC, Yavne 81800, Israel, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Argonne National Laboratory, LLNL, Univ of Notre Dame, Univ of Manitoba, McGill Univ, LBL, LSU, UC Berkeley, University of Notre Dame, University of California, Berkeley, University of Chicago, University of Bonn, University of Bonn, Research Center Julich, George Washington Univ, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, University of Kansas, INFN, ASI Science Data Center, Clemson University, MIT, Hiroshima University, Astrophysical Science Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Science Data Center, Linnaeus University, Florida International University, University of Maryland, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Tel Aviv U., TAMU, TRIUMF, U. Manitoba, U. British Columbia, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M Univ., Univ. of Manitoba, Tel Aviv Univ., Pennsylvania State Univ, Texas A&M University, Aichi University of Education, Duke University, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Univ of Virginia, Alchemy Logic Systems, Santa Rosa CA, U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, U. of North Carolina, California Institute of Tech., Argonne Natl Lab, North Carolina State U., Louisiana State U., Columbia U., Pen. State U., NIST - Natl Inst of Stds & Tech, Multiple Institutions, Univ of Mass - Amherst, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Washington University, Washington U., University of Colorado Boulder, Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Chapman University, Independent Researcher, Liaoning Normal University, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, UNC, NIST, Boulder, NIST, Gaithersburg, NC State University, NRC/NRL, Praxis/NRL, CRESST/GSFC, Texas Tech, INAF-IASF/INFN, NASA/MSFC, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cornell, Univ of Washington, Gettysburg College, Zhejiang University, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Sorbonne Universites, The Ohio State University, Weizmann Institute of Science, The Ohio State University, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California Institute of Technology, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Western Michigan University, GANIL, Indiana Univ - Bloomington, Vanderbilt University, Florida State University, San Diego State University, Univ of Michigan - Ann Arbor, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, University of Utah, Osaka City University, Humboldt State University, University of Arkansas Fayetteville, University of California Santa Cruz, the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Universidad de los Andes, University of Regina, University of New Mexico, Brookhaven National Lab, Stony Brook University, Colorado State University, University of South Dakota, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, University of Maryland, College Park, Cornell University, CITA, McGill University; University of Illinois at Ubana-Champaign, West Virginia University, Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), IFIBA/ICAS, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Catholic Univ of America, University of Washington, Catholic Univ of America and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Regis University, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Univ of Nevada - Reno, University of Victoria, BC, Canada, and Perimeter Institute, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Indiana University, Brigham Young Univ - Provo, Bowdoin College, Ohio State University, University of Wisconsin, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidad de Murcia, Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (AEI), Golm, Northern New Mexico College, Tufts University, IKERBASQUE, Penn State, Drexel University, SLAC \& Stanford U., Stony Brook U., UC, Berkeley, Argelander Inst. for Astron., Stanford U. \& SLAC Nat. Accel. Lab., Stanford U., Durham U., U. of Edinburgh, Max Planck Inst. for Astrophys., U. of Copenhagen, Instituto Superior T\&#039;ecnico, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, University of California, Wellesley College, Morehouse College

  • Nick Colmenares

    Los Alamos National Laboratory, Tsinghua Univ, Univ of Tennessee, Western Michigan Univ, Goether Univ, Washington Univ, UMass Lowell, Univ of Hong Kong, Michigan State Univ, ANL, UMD College Park, Cyclotron Institute, Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, TU Darmstadt, Germany, University of York, United Kingdom, University of Cologne, Germany, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, USA, Simon Fraser University, University of York, TU Darmstadt, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Osaka University, RCNP, TU Darmstadt, Michigan State University/National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Albert Einstein Institute, CITA, University of Toronto, California Institute of Technology, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Northwestern University, California State University, Fullerton, Georgia Institute of Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Sichuan U, Caltech, University of Florida, Goddard Space Flight Center, LIGO Hanford Observatory, University of Texas at Arlington, Florida State Univ, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, Princeton University, Harvard University, None, FHNW, SSL, ISZF, Ioffe-Institute, Stanford Univ, BAERI, LMSAL, Stanford Univ, INFN Pisa (Italy), New York City College of Technology, CUNY, ITI Vietnam National University, Univ of Chicago, Rochester Inst of Tech, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, Montana State University, University of Southampton, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan, University of Mississippi, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Cambridge, NCSA University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Fort Hare, Georgia Institue of Technology, Georgia Inst of Tech, South Dakota State University, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Fairfield University, University of Iowa, Sinop University, Bingol University, CERN, Washington University in St. Louis, Michigan State University, Argonne National Lab, University of Science and Technology of China, University of Kentucky, Michigan State University and NSCL, USA, J{\&#034;u}lich Centre for Neutron Science, Germany, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Germany, Technische Universit{\&#034;a}t M{\&#034;u}nchen, Germany, University of Michigan, USA, Ohio University, University of Manchester, Vinca Institute, University of Belgrade, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Los Alamos National Lab, NASA/GSFC, University of Amsterdam, University of Wuerzburg, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, UNSW Australia, University of Victoria, BC, Canada, and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Queen&#039;s University, Belfast, UK, Bowie State University, MD, University of Manitoba, McGill University, Louisiana State University, University of California, Irvine, Soreq NRC, Yavne 81800, Israel, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Argonne National Laboratory, LLNL, Univ of Notre Dame, Univ of Manitoba, McGill Univ, LBL, LSU, UC Berkeley, University of Notre Dame, University of California, Berkeley, University of Chicago, University of Bonn, University of Bonn, Research Center Julich, George Washington Univ, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, University of Kansas, INFN, ASI Science Data Center, Clemson University, MIT, Hiroshima University, Astrophysical Science Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Science Data Center, Linnaeus University, Florida International University, University of Maryland, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Tel Aviv U., TAMU, TRIUMF, U. Manitoba, U. British Columbia, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M Univ., Univ. of Manitoba, Tel Aviv Univ., Pennsylvania State Univ, Texas A&M University, Aichi University of Education, Duke University, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Univ of Virginia, Alchemy Logic Systems, Santa Rosa CA, U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, U. of North Carolina, California Institute of Tech., Argonne Natl Lab, North Carolina State U., Louisiana State U., Columbia U., Pen. State U., NIST - Natl Inst of Stds & Tech, Multiple Institutions, Univ of Mass - Amherst, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Washington University, Washington U., University of Colorado Boulder, Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Chapman University, Independent Researcher, Liaoning Normal University, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, UNC, NIST, Boulder, NIST, Gaithersburg, NC State University, NRC/NRL, Praxis/NRL, CRESST/GSFC, Texas Tech, INAF-IASF/INFN, NASA/MSFC, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cornell, Univ of Washington, Gettysburg College, Zhejiang University, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Sorbonne Universites, The Ohio State University, Weizmann Institute of Science, The Ohio State University, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California Institute of Technology, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Western Michigan University, GANIL, Indiana Univ - Bloomington, Vanderbilt University, Florida State University, San Diego State University, Univ of Michigan - Ann Arbor, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, University of Utah, Osaka City University, Humboldt State University, University of Arkansas Fayetteville, University of California Santa Cruz, the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Universidad de los Andes, University of Regina, University of New Mexico, Brookhaven National Lab, Stony Brook University, Colorado State University, University of South Dakota, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, University of Maryland, College Park, Cornell University, CITA, McGill University; University of Illinois at Ubana-Champaign, West Virginia University, Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), IFIBA/ICAS, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Catholic Univ of America, University of Washington, Catholic Univ of America and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Regis University, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Univ of Nevada - Reno, University of Victoria, BC, Canada, and Perimeter Institute, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Indiana University, Brigham Young Univ - Provo, Bowdoin College, Ohio State University, University of Wisconsin, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidad de Murcia, Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (AEI), Golm, Northern New Mexico College, Tufts University, IKERBASQUE, Penn State, Drexel University, SLAC \& Stanford U., Stony Brook U., UC, Berkeley, Argelander Inst. for Astron., Stanford U. \& SLAC Nat. Accel. Lab., Stanford U., Durham U., U. of Edinburgh, Max Planck Inst. for Astrophys., U. of Copenhagen, Instituto Superior T\&#039;ecnico, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, University of California, Wellesley College, Morehouse College

  • Nick Colmenares

    Los Alamos National Laboratory, Tsinghua Univ, Univ of Tennessee, Western Michigan Univ, Goether Univ, Washington Univ, UMass Lowell, Univ of Hong Kong, Michigan State Univ, ANL, UMD College Park, Cyclotron Institute, Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, TU Darmstadt, Germany, University of York, United Kingdom, University of Cologne, Germany, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, USA, Simon Fraser University, University of York, TU Darmstadt, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Osaka University, RCNP, TU Darmstadt, Michigan State University/National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Albert Einstein Institute, CITA, University of Toronto, California Institute of Technology, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Northwestern University, California State University, Fullerton, Georgia Institute of Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Sichuan U, Caltech, University of Florida, Goddard Space Flight Center, LIGO Hanford Observatory, University of Texas at Arlington, Florida State Univ, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, Princeton University, Harvard University, None, FHNW, SSL, ISZF, Ioffe-Institute, Stanford Univ, BAERI, LMSAL, Stanford Univ, INFN Pisa (Italy), New York City College of Technology, CUNY, ITI Vietnam National University, Univ of Chicago, Rochester Inst of Tech, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, Montana State University, University of Southampton, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan, University of Mississippi, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Cambridge, NCSA University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Fort Hare, Georgia Institue of Technology, Georgia Inst of Tech, South Dakota State University, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Fairfield University, University of Iowa, Sinop University, Bingol University, CERN, Washington University in St. Louis, Michigan State University, Argonne National Lab, University of Science and Technology of China, University of Kentucky, Michigan State University and NSCL, USA, J{\&#034;u}lich Centre for Neutron Science, Germany, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Germany, Technische Universit{\&#034;a}t M{\&#034;u}nchen, Germany, University of Michigan, USA, Ohio University, University of Manchester, Vinca Institute, University of Belgrade, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Los Alamos National Lab, NASA/GSFC, University of Amsterdam, University of Wuerzburg, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, UNSW Australia, University of Victoria, BC, Canada, and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Queen&#039;s University, Belfast, UK, Bowie State University, MD, University of Manitoba, McGill University, Louisiana State University, University of California, Irvine, Soreq NRC, Yavne 81800, Israel, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Argonne National Laboratory, LLNL, Univ of Notre Dame, Univ of Manitoba, McGill Univ, LBL, LSU, UC Berkeley, University of Notre Dame, University of California, Berkeley, University of Chicago, University of Bonn, University of Bonn, Research Center Julich, George Washington Univ, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, University of Kansas, INFN, ASI Science Data Center, Clemson University, MIT, Hiroshima University, Astrophysical Science Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Science Data Center, Linnaeus University, Florida International University, University of Maryland, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Tel Aviv U., TAMU, TRIUMF, U. Manitoba, U. British Columbia, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M Univ., Univ. of Manitoba, Tel Aviv Univ., Pennsylvania State Univ, Texas A&M University, Aichi University of Education, Duke University, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Univ of Virginia, Alchemy Logic Systems, Santa Rosa CA, U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, U. of North Carolina, California Institute of Tech., Argonne Natl Lab, North Carolina State U., Louisiana State U., Columbia U., Pen. State U., NIST - Natl Inst of Stds & Tech, Multiple Institutions, Univ of Mass - Amherst, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Washington University, Washington U., University of Colorado Boulder, Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Chapman University, Independent Researcher, Liaoning Normal University, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, UNC, NIST, Boulder, NIST, Gaithersburg, NC State University, NRC/NRL, Praxis/NRL, CRESST/GSFC, Texas Tech, INAF-IASF/INFN, NASA/MSFC, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cornell, Univ of Washington, Gettysburg College, Zhejiang University, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Sorbonne Universites, The Ohio State University, Weizmann Institute of Science, The Ohio State University, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California Institute of Technology, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Western Michigan University, GANIL, Indiana Univ - Bloomington, Vanderbilt University, Florida State University, San Diego State University, Univ of Michigan - Ann Arbor, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, University of Utah, Osaka City University, Humboldt State University, University of Arkansas Fayetteville, University of California Santa Cruz, the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Universidad de los Andes, University of Regina, University of New Mexico, Brookhaven National Lab, Stony Brook University, Colorado State University, University of South Dakota, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, University of Maryland, College Park, Cornell University, CITA, McGill University; University of Illinois at Ubana-Champaign, West Virginia University, Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), IFIBA/ICAS, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Catholic Univ of America, University of Washington, Catholic Univ of America and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Regis University, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Univ of Nevada - Reno, University of Victoria, BC, Canada, and Perimeter Institute, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Indiana University, Brigham Young Univ - Provo, Bowdoin College, Ohio State University, University of Wisconsin, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidad de Murcia, Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (AEI), Golm, Northern New Mexico College, Tufts University, IKERBASQUE, Penn State, Drexel University, SLAC \& Stanford U., Stony Brook U., UC, Berkeley, Argelander Inst. for Astron., Stanford U. \& SLAC Nat. Accel. Lab., Stanford U., Durham U., U. of Edinburgh, Max Planck Inst. for Astrophys., U. of Copenhagen, Instituto Superior T\&#039;ecnico, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, University of California, Wellesley College, Morehouse College