Proton Internal Dynamics from Thermodynamics

Proton Internal Dynamics from Thermodynamics

The goals of this work are to explain the origin of the proton’s mass, and to explain why it is stable. Predictions based on the Standard Model are unable to accurately predict measured physical quantities of charge radius, mass radius, magnetic moment, and magnetic-moment-weighted charge radius. New physics, derived with guidance from thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, enables constructing an extremely accurate model for the mass and charge structure of the proton. What makes this model unique is that it predicts measured proton properties to very high precision, using derived component properties of mass, charge, time-averaged radii, energies, and angular momenta. The proton is shown to be a dynamic system which satisfies laws of thermodynamics derived from Einstein-Bose statistics. Application of those statistics yield uncharged and charged component masses. Applying laws of mass conservation and momentum conservation enables deducing the energy, spatial distribution and motion of all components. A complete dynamic model of the proton is derived. For example, the magnetic moment is predicted as 2.792705 μ_N, which is within 0.005% of measurement. The proton’s mass is 935.045 MeV (photonic) and 3.2277 MeV (charge).