Progress in theoretical gravitational-wave astronomy of neutron star binaries

The gravitational waves from a binary inspiral encode information about the internal structure of compact objects. For neutron stars this offers a unique possibility for advancing our understanding matter and fundamental interactions in unexplored regimes. I will discuss the imprints of an object’s internal structure, and in particular neutron star matter, on the gravitational waves generated during an inspiral, recent progress in analytically modeling these effects, and what we have learned from GW170817 when also considering joint information from the electromagnetic counterparts. Finally I will outline future prospects and challenges.