A Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) Solution using a Two-Step Integrated Physics/Mathematics Methodology

The SM consists of 16 matter/force particles: six quark matter particles (up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom); six lepton matter particles (electron, muon, tau, electron-neutrino, muon-neutrino, and tau-neutrino); and four force particles (photon, W/Z’s, gluon, and Higgs). Although the SM is the gold standard of particle physics, it is inadequate because it: defines only a single Higgs force; did not include the graviton, dark matter, dark energy, supersymmetry (SUSY), and super supersymmetry (SSUSY). Via “New Physics” of four BSM constituent theories (superstring, particle creation, Higgs forces or bosons, and spontaneous symmetry breaking), the SM was amplified to Fig. 7 Fundamental SM/SUSY/SSUSY matter/force particles or a conceptual BSM physics step solution. The latter resolved all SM inadequacies and contained 64 fundamental matter/force particles. Atomic/subatomic matter particles (up quark, down quark, electron, electron-neutrino, muon-neutrino, and tau-neutrino) were 5% of our universe’s energy/mass; dark matter (zino, photino, and three Higgsinos) was 26%: and dark energy or the sum of 8 Higgs force energies associated with 8 matter particles (up quark, down quark, electron, electron-neutrino, muon-neutrino, tau-neutrino, zino, and photino was 69%.