Performance and Preliminary Results of the ISS-CREAM Instrument

ORAL

Abstract

The Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass for the International Space Station (ISS-CREAM) experiment was built by an international collaboration from the US, Republic of Korea, France, and Mexico to measure the elemental spectra of cosmic rays from Z$=$1 to Z$=$26 over the energy range of 10$^{\mathrm{12}}$-10$^{\mathrm{15}}$ eV. ISS-CREAM was installed on the International Space Station on August 22, 2017. Mission operation was terminated on February 12, 2019. Since then, the present group of authors have continued to analyze the data collected over ISS-CREAM's approximately 1.5 years of operation. In this talk, we discuss the performance of the instrument during operation as well as the current status of this data analysis, including preliminary cosmic ray elemental spectra.

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Authors

  • Jason Link

    NASA GSFC/CRESST-UMBC

  • E.R. Christian

    None, S.N. Bose National Centre for basic Sciences, Sharif University of Technology, Isfahan University of Technology, University of Rhode Island, Texas Tech University, Idaho National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Brigham Young University, University of Texas Austin, Drexel University, Oregon University, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Illinois Institute of Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Notre Dame, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, William \& Mary, U. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Jefferson Lab, NVIDIA Corp., U. of Glasgow, U. of California at Berkeley, U. of Maryland, Boston University, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CERN ,EPFL, BINP, CEA, INFN - Roma1, Imperial College, CERN, Vanderbilt University, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Michigan State University, Academia Sinica, Niels Bohr Institute, Stockholm University, Univ of Virginia, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, TRIUMF, Pennsylvania State University, University of Goettingen, University of Washington, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Syracuse University, Humboldt State University, Northwestern University, Stanford University, IUPUI, Indiana University, IUPUI & Humboldt State University, DESY Zeuthen, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Univ of Texas at Austin, Institut f\"ur Astrophysik, University of G{\"o}ttingen, Germany, Los Alamos Nal Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ of Arizona, Texas A\&M Univ, Penn State Univ, Trinity Univ, University of Michigan, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Maria Mitchell Observatory, HUJI, Temple Univ, Qufu Normal University, University of Maryland, College Park, CSIRO, Caltech, JPL, Caltech, JPL, University of Rochester, CCA, Flatiron Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Kenyon College, MIT, University of Colorado, Princeton University, Flatiron Institute, MIT, University of Cambridge, University of Sydney, Los Alamos National Lab, Louisiana State University, Argonne National Laboratory, Technical University Dresden, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Technische Universitat Dresden, Ohio University, Oak Ridge National Lab, University of the Witwatersrand/iThemba LABS, Agile Technologies, Inc, University of Ohio, University of Kentucky, Tennessee Technological University, University of Tennessee, University of Chicago, Duke University, Universidad de Zaragoza, Yale University, NASA Marshall, U Waterloo, NIST, Truman State Univ, Physics Department, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT 06604, Center for Theoretical Physics, Sloane Physics Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, Naval Research Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/University of Maryland Baltimore County, University of Maryland College Park, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/University of Maryland College Park, University of Alabama, UCLA, ICTS-TIFR, Albert Einstein Institute, Chennai Mathematical Institute, Kent State Univ - Kent, Rochester Institute of Technology, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade Federal do ABC, Kindai University, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Perimeter Institute, CERN, University of Utah, Nikhef, University of Pittsburgh, University of Valencia, The Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, ANL, Univ of California Berkeley, LBNL, ANL; Drexel Univ, Argonne Natl Lab; Sumy State Univ, Univ of California Berkeley; NSD LBNL, Drexel Univ, ANL; Kavli Inst for Cosmological Physics; Univ of Chicago, North Dakota State University, Penn State Greater Allegheny, University of New England, University of Maine, Univ of San Diego, Carleton University, CEA Saclay, LLNL, Siena, NOAO, Perimeter, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA, Monash University, Australia, University of California, Berkeley, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, USA, West Virginia University, University of Milan - Bicocca, Italy, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (AEI), Hannover, Germany, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria, Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute,Ota,Nigeria, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA, Department of Physics, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA, Fudan University, Department of physics, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook Natl Univ, Univ of Pittsburgh, University of California, Los Angeles, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Tokyo Inst. Tech, North Carolina State University, European X-ray Free Electron Laser GmbH, Schenefeld, Germany, University of the Ryukyus, Jagiellonian University, Duke University and TUNL, Vilnius University, North Carolina Central University and TUNL, Old Dominion University and Jefferson Laboratory, Washington University, St. Louis, Albert-Einstein-Institut Potsdam-Golm, University College London, The University of Oregon, RIT, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Mississippi, Florida State University, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Technical University Munich, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, Michigan State Univ, Univ of Tennessee, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, IRFU, CEA, Universite Paris-Saclay, Michigan State Univ, Univ of Tennessee, Michigan State Univ and Hebrew Univ of Jerusalem, University of Tennessee/ORNL, eXtreme Gravity Institute, Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, University of Western Australia, IU Bloomington, Rutgers University, University of Amsterdam, Perimeter Inst for Theo Phys, Bowdoin College, National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Sapienza Università di Roma, New York University, Stanford, Wake Forest Univ, Joint Quantum Institute, Tufts University, Institut für Kernphysik - Forschungszentrum Jülich, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, University of Glasgow, University of Virginia, Cornell University, University of Maryland, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, Argonne Natl Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, College of William and Mary, Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007, SD, USA, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Hendrix College, Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Department of Materials science and engineering, Advanced materials research, Kumoh Inst of Tech, Advanced materaisl research, Kumoh Inst of Tech, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Advanced Material Research Center, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Materials Science and Engineering, Kumoh national institute technology, Materials Science and Engineering, Harvard-Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Millikin University, Brookhaven National Lab, Towson University, University of California, Berkeley, University of California, San Diego, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Suffolk University, Drake University, Henan Normal University, Reed College, University of St. Thomas, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Physics, Government College University, Lahore (54000), Pakistan., Univ of Saskatchewan, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory/Duke University, Brandeis, U. Wisconsin Madison, Fermilab, University of Oregon, University of Florida, LIGO Laboratory, Caltech, California State University, Fullerton, Bucknell University, Chicago State University, University of Jyvaskyla, National Research Nuclear University of Moscow, Southern Methodist University, INFN Padova, INFN Milano, INFN Torino, INFN Roma1, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, INFN Trieste, University and INFN of Padova, Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Lab, California Polytechnic University, Kennesaw State Univ, Radboud University, Baylor University, Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Maryland-College Park, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington, Seattle, NASA GSFC/CRESST-UMBC, Northern Kentucky University, NASA Goddard, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA

  • E.R. Christian

    None, S.N. Bose National Centre for basic Sciences, Sharif University of Technology, Isfahan University of Technology, University of Rhode Island, Texas Tech University, Idaho National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Brigham Young University, University of Texas Austin, Drexel University, Oregon University, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Illinois Institute of Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Notre Dame, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, William \& Mary, U. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Jefferson Lab, NVIDIA Corp., U. of Glasgow, U. of California at Berkeley, U. of Maryland, Boston University, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CERN ,EPFL, BINP, CEA, INFN - Roma1, Imperial College, CERN, Vanderbilt University, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Michigan State University, Academia Sinica, Niels Bohr Institute, Stockholm University, Univ of Virginia, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, TRIUMF, Pennsylvania State University, University of Goettingen, University of Washington, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Syracuse University, Humboldt State University, Northwestern University, Stanford University, IUPUI, Indiana University, IUPUI & Humboldt State University, DESY Zeuthen, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Univ of Texas at Austin, Institut f\"ur Astrophysik, University of G{\"o}ttingen, Germany, Los Alamos Nal Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ of Arizona, Texas A\&M Univ, Penn State Univ, Trinity Univ, University of Michigan, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Maria Mitchell Observatory, HUJI, Temple Univ, Qufu Normal University, University of Maryland, College Park, CSIRO, Caltech, JPL, Caltech, JPL, University of Rochester, CCA, Flatiron Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Kenyon College, MIT, University of Colorado, Princeton University, Flatiron Institute, MIT, University of Cambridge, University of Sydney, Los Alamos National Lab, Louisiana State University, Argonne National Laboratory, Technical University Dresden, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Technische Universitat Dresden, Ohio University, Oak Ridge National Lab, University of the Witwatersrand/iThemba LABS, Agile Technologies, Inc, University of Ohio, University of Kentucky, Tennessee Technological University, University of Tennessee, University of Chicago, Duke University, Universidad de Zaragoza, Yale University, NASA Marshall, U Waterloo, NIST, Truman State Univ, Physics Department, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT 06604, Center for Theoretical Physics, Sloane Physics Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, Naval Research Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/University of Maryland Baltimore County, University of Maryland College Park, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/University of Maryland College Park, University of Alabama, UCLA, ICTS-TIFR, Albert Einstein Institute, Chennai Mathematical Institute, Kent State Univ - Kent, Rochester Institute of Technology, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade Federal do ABC, Kindai University, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Perimeter Institute, CERN, University of Utah, Nikhef, University of Pittsburgh, University of Valencia, The Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, ANL, Univ of California Berkeley, LBNL, ANL; Drexel Univ, Argonne Natl Lab; Sumy State Univ, Univ of California Berkeley; NSD LBNL, Drexel Univ, ANL; Kavli Inst for Cosmological Physics; Univ of Chicago, North Dakota State University, Penn State Greater Allegheny, University of New England, University of Maine, Univ of San Diego, Carleton University, CEA Saclay, LLNL, Siena, NOAO, Perimeter, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA, Monash University, Australia, University of California, Berkeley, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, USA, West Virginia University, University of Milan - Bicocca, Italy, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (AEI), Hannover, Germany, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria, Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute,Ota,Nigeria, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA, Department of Physics, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA, Fudan University, Department of physics, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook Natl Univ, Univ of Pittsburgh, University of California, Los Angeles, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Tokyo Inst. Tech, North Carolina State University, European X-ray Free Electron Laser GmbH, Schenefeld, Germany, University of the Ryukyus, Jagiellonian University, Duke University and TUNL, Vilnius University, North Carolina Central University and TUNL, Old Dominion University and Jefferson Laboratory, Washington University, St. Louis, Albert-Einstein-Institut Potsdam-Golm, University College London, The University of Oregon, RIT, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Mississippi, Florida State University, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Technical University Munich, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, Michigan State Univ, Univ of Tennessee, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, IRFU, CEA, Universite Paris-Saclay, Michigan State Univ, Univ of Tennessee, Michigan State Univ and Hebrew Univ of Jerusalem, University of Tennessee/ORNL, eXtreme Gravity Institute, Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, University of Western Australia, IU Bloomington, Rutgers University, University of Amsterdam, Perimeter Inst for Theo Phys, Bowdoin College, National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Sapienza Università di Roma, New York University, Stanford, Wake Forest Univ, Joint Quantum Institute, Tufts University, Institut für Kernphysik - Forschungszentrum Jülich, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, University of Glasgow, University of Virginia, Cornell University, University of Maryland, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, Argonne Natl Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, College of William and Mary, Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007, SD, USA, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Hendrix College, Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Department of Materials science and engineering, Advanced materials research, Kumoh Inst of Tech, Advanced materaisl research, Kumoh Inst of Tech, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Advanced Material Research Center, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Materials Science and Engineering, Kumoh national institute technology, Materials Science and Engineering, Harvard-Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Millikin University, Brookhaven National Lab, Towson University, University of California, Berkeley, University of California, San Diego, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Suffolk University, Drake University, Henan Normal University, Reed College, University of St. Thomas, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Physics, Government College University, Lahore (54000), Pakistan., Univ of Saskatchewan, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory/Duke University, Brandeis, U. Wisconsin Madison, Fermilab, University of Oregon, University of Florida, LIGO Laboratory, Caltech, California State University, Fullerton, Bucknell University, Chicago State University, University of Jyvaskyla, National Research Nuclear University of Moscow, Southern Methodist University, INFN Padova, INFN Milano, INFN Torino, INFN Roma1, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, INFN Trieste, University and INFN of Padova, Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Lab, California Polytechnic University, Kennesaw State Univ, Radboud University, Baylor University, Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Maryland-College Park, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington, Seattle, NASA GSFC/CRESST-UMBC, Northern Kentucky University, NASA Goddard, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA

  • E.R. Christian

    None, S.N. Bose National Centre for basic Sciences, Sharif University of Technology, Isfahan University of Technology, University of Rhode Island, Texas Tech University, Idaho National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Brigham Young University, University of Texas Austin, Drexel University, Oregon University, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Illinois Institute of Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Notre Dame, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, William \& Mary, U. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Jefferson Lab, NVIDIA Corp., U. of Glasgow, U. of California at Berkeley, U. of Maryland, Boston University, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CERN ,EPFL, BINP, CEA, INFN - Roma1, Imperial College, CERN, Vanderbilt University, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Michigan State University, Academia Sinica, Niels Bohr Institute, Stockholm University, Univ of Virginia, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, TRIUMF, Pennsylvania State University, University of Goettingen, University of Washington, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Syracuse University, Humboldt State University, Northwestern University, Stanford University, IUPUI, Indiana University, IUPUI & Humboldt State University, DESY Zeuthen, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Univ of Texas at Austin, Institut f\"ur Astrophysik, University of G{\"o}ttingen, Germany, Los Alamos Nal Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ of Arizona, Texas A\&M Univ, Penn State Univ, Trinity Univ, University of Michigan, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Maria Mitchell Observatory, HUJI, Temple Univ, Qufu Normal University, University of Maryland, College Park, CSIRO, Caltech, JPL, Caltech, JPL, University of Rochester, CCA, Flatiron Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Kenyon College, MIT, University of Colorado, Princeton University, Flatiron Institute, MIT, University of Cambridge, University of Sydney, Los Alamos National Lab, Louisiana State University, Argonne National Laboratory, Technical University Dresden, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Technische Universitat Dresden, Ohio University, Oak Ridge National Lab, University of the Witwatersrand/iThemba LABS, Agile Technologies, Inc, University of Ohio, University of Kentucky, Tennessee Technological University, University of Tennessee, University of Chicago, Duke University, Universidad de Zaragoza, Yale University, NASA Marshall, U Waterloo, NIST, Truman State Univ, Physics Department, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT 06604, Center for Theoretical Physics, Sloane Physics Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, Naval Research Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/University of Maryland Baltimore County, University of Maryland College Park, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/University of Maryland College Park, University of Alabama, UCLA, ICTS-TIFR, Albert Einstein Institute, Chennai Mathematical Institute, Kent State Univ - Kent, Rochester Institute of Technology, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade Federal do ABC, Kindai University, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Perimeter Institute, CERN, University of Utah, Nikhef, University of Pittsburgh, University of Valencia, The Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, ANL, Univ of California Berkeley, LBNL, ANL; Drexel Univ, Argonne Natl Lab; Sumy State Univ, Univ of California Berkeley; NSD LBNL, Drexel Univ, ANL; Kavli Inst for Cosmological Physics; Univ of Chicago, North Dakota State University, Penn State Greater Allegheny, University of New England, University of Maine, Univ of San Diego, Carleton University, CEA Saclay, LLNL, Siena, NOAO, Perimeter, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA, Monash University, Australia, University of California, Berkeley, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, USA, West Virginia University, University of Milan - Bicocca, Italy, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (AEI), Hannover, Germany, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria, Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute,Ota,Nigeria, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA, Department of Physics, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA, Fudan University, Department of physics, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook Natl Univ, Univ of Pittsburgh, University of California, Los Angeles, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Tokyo Inst. Tech, North Carolina State University, European X-ray Free Electron Laser GmbH, Schenefeld, Germany, University of the Ryukyus, Jagiellonian University, Duke University and TUNL, Vilnius University, North Carolina Central University and TUNL, Old Dominion University and Jefferson Laboratory, Washington University, St. Louis, Albert-Einstein-Institut Potsdam-Golm, University College London, The University of Oregon, RIT, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Mississippi, Florida State University, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Technical University Munich, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, Michigan State Univ, Univ of Tennessee, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, IRFU, CEA, Universite Paris-Saclay, Michigan State Univ, Univ of Tennessee, Michigan State Univ and Hebrew Univ of Jerusalem, University of Tennessee/ORNL, eXtreme Gravity Institute, Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, University of Western Australia, IU Bloomington, Rutgers University, University of Amsterdam, Perimeter Inst for Theo Phys, Bowdoin College, National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Sapienza Università di Roma, New York University, Stanford, Wake Forest Univ, Joint Quantum Institute, Tufts University, Institut für Kernphysik - Forschungszentrum Jülich, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, University of Glasgow, University of Virginia, Cornell University, University of Maryland, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, Argonne Natl Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, College of William and Mary, Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007, SD, USA, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Hendrix College, Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Department of Materials science and engineering, Advanced materials research, Kumoh Inst of Tech, Advanced materaisl research, Kumoh Inst of Tech, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Advanced Material Research Center, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Materials Science and Engineering, Kumoh national institute technology, Materials Science and Engineering, Harvard-Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Millikin University, Brookhaven National Lab, Towson University, University of California, Berkeley, University of California, San Diego, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Suffolk University, Drake University, Henan Normal University, Reed College, University of St. Thomas, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Physics, Government College University, Lahore (54000), Pakistan., Univ of Saskatchewan, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory/Duke University, Brandeis, U. Wisconsin Madison, Fermilab, University of Oregon, University of Florida, LIGO Laboratory, Caltech, California State University, Fullerton, Bucknell University, Chicago State University, University of Jyvaskyla, National Research Nuclear University of Moscow, Southern Methodist University, INFN Padova, INFN Milano, INFN Torino, INFN Roma1, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, INFN Trieste, University and INFN of Padova, Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Lab, California Polytechnic University, Kennesaw State Univ, Radboud University, Baylor University, Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Maryland-College Park, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington, Seattle, NASA GSFC/CRESST-UMBC, Northern Kentucky University, NASA Goddard, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA

  • E.R. Christian

    None, S.N. Bose National Centre for basic Sciences, Sharif University of Technology, Isfahan University of Technology, University of Rhode Island, Texas Tech University, Idaho National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Brigham Young University, University of Texas Austin, Drexel University, Oregon University, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Illinois Institute of Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Notre Dame, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, William \& Mary, U. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Jefferson Lab, NVIDIA Corp., U. of Glasgow, U. of California at Berkeley, U. of Maryland, Boston University, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CERN ,EPFL, BINP, CEA, INFN - Roma1, Imperial College, CERN, Vanderbilt University, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Michigan State University, Academia Sinica, Niels Bohr Institute, Stockholm University, Univ of Virginia, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, TRIUMF, Pennsylvania State University, University of Goettingen, University of Washington, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Syracuse University, Humboldt State University, Northwestern University, Stanford University, IUPUI, Indiana University, IUPUI & Humboldt State University, DESY Zeuthen, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Univ of Texas at Austin, Institut f\"ur Astrophysik, University of G{\"o}ttingen, Germany, Los Alamos Nal Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ of Arizona, Texas A\&M Univ, Penn State Univ, Trinity Univ, University of Michigan, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Maria Mitchell Observatory, HUJI, Temple Univ, Qufu Normal University, University of Maryland, College Park, CSIRO, Caltech, JPL, Caltech, JPL, University of Rochester, CCA, Flatiron Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Kenyon College, MIT, University of Colorado, Princeton University, Flatiron Institute, MIT, University of Cambridge, University of Sydney, Los Alamos National Lab, Louisiana State University, Argonne National Laboratory, Technical University Dresden, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Technische Universitat Dresden, Ohio University, Oak Ridge National Lab, University of the Witwatersrand/iThemba LABS, Agile Technologies, Inc, University of Ohio, University of Kentucky, Tennessee Technological University, University of Tennessee, University of Chicago, Duke University, Universidad de Zaragoza, Yale University, NASA Marshall, U Waterloo, NIST, Truman State Univ, Physics Department, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT 06604, Center for Theoretical Physics, Sloane Physics Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, Naval Research Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/University of Maryland Baltimore County, University of Maryland College Park, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/University of Maryland College Park, University of Alabama, UCLA, ICTS-TIFR, Albert Einstein Institute, Chennai Mathematical Institute, Kent State Univ - Kent, Rochester Institute of Technology, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade Federal do ABC, Kindai University, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Perimeter Institute, CERN, University of Utah, Nikhef, University of Pittsburgh, University of Valencia, The Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, ANL, Univ of California Berkeley, LBNL, ANL; Drexel Univ, Argonne Natl Lab; Sumy State Univ, Univ of California Berkeley; NSD LBNL, Drexel Univ, ANL; Kavli Inst for Cosmological Physics; Univ of Chicago, North Dakota State University, Penn State Greater Allegheny, University of New England, University of Maine, Univ of San Diego, Carleton University, CEA Saclay, LLNL, Siena, NOAO, Perimeter, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA, Monash University, Australia, University of California, Berkeley, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, USA, West Virginia University, University of Milan - Bicocca, Italy, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (AEI), Hannover, Germany, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria, Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute,Ota,Nigeria, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA, Department of Physics, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA, Fudan University, Department of physics, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook Natl Univ, Univ of Pittsburgh, University of California, Los Angeles, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Tokyo Inst. Tech, North Carolina State University, European X-ray Free Electron Laser GmbH, Schenefeld, Germany, University of the Ryukyus, Jagiellonian University, Duke University and TUNL, Vilnius University, North Carolina Central University and TUNL, Old Dominion University and Jefferson Laboratory, Washington University, St. Louis, Albert-Einstein-Institut Potsdam-Golm, University College London, The University of Oregon, RIT, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Mississippi, Florida State University, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Technical University Munich, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, Michigan State Univ, Univ of Tennessee, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, IRFU, CEA, Universite Paris-Saclay, Michigan State Univ, Univ of Tennessee, Michigan State Univ and Hebrew Univ of Jerusalem, University of Tennessee/ORNL, eXtreme Gravity Institute, Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, University of Western Australia, IU Bloomington, Rutgers University, University of Amsterdam, Perimeter Inst for Theo Phys, Bowdoin College, National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Sapienza Università di Roma, New York University, Stanford, Wake Forest Univ, Joint Quantum Institute, Tufts University, Institut für Kernphysik - Forschungszentrum Jülich, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, University of Glasgow, University of Virginia, Cornell University, University of Maryland, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, Argonne Natl Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, College of William and Mary, Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007, SD, USA, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Hendrix College, Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Department of Materials science and engineering, Advanced materials research, Kumoh Inst of Tech, Advanced materaisl research, Kumoh Inst of Tech, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Advanced Material Research Center, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Materials Science and Engineering, Kumoh national institute technology, Materials Science and Engineering, Harvard-Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Millikin University, Brookhaven National Lab, Towson University, University of California, Berkeley, University of California, San Diego, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Suffolk University, Drake University, Henan Normal University, Reed College, University of St. Thomas, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Physics, Government College University, Lahore (54000), Pakistan., Univ of Saskatchewan, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory/Duke University, Brandeis, U. Wisconsin Madison, Fermilab, University of Oregon, University of Florida, LIGO Laboratory, Caltech, California State University, Fullerton, Bucknell University, Chicago State University, University of Jyvaskyla, National Research Nuclear University of Moscow, Southern Methodist University, INFN Padova, INFN Milano, INFN Torino, INFN Roma1, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, INFN Trieste, University and INFN of Padova, Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Lab, California Polytechnic University, Kennesaw State Univ, Radboud University, Baylor University, Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Maryland-College Park, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington, Seattle, NASA GSFC/CRESST-UMBC, Northern Kentucky University, NASA Goddard, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA

  • E.R. Christian

    None, S.N. Bose National Centre for basic Sciences, Sharif University of Technology, Isfahan University of Technology, University of Rhode Island, Texas Tech University, Idaho National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Brigham Young University, University of Texas Austin, Drexel University, Oregon University, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Illinois Institute of Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Notre Dame, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, William \& Mary, U. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Jefferson Lab, NVIDIA Corp., U. of Glasgow, U. of California at Berkeley, U. of Maryland, Boston University, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CERN ,EPFL, BINP, CEA, INFN - Roma1, Imperial College, CERN, Vanderbilt University, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Michigan State University, Academia Sinica, Niels Bohr Institute, Stockholm University, Univ of Virginia, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, TRIUMF, Pennsylvania State University, University of Goettingen, University of Washington, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Syracuse University, Humboldt State University, Northwestern University, Stanford University, IUPUI, Indiana University, IUPUI & Humboldt State University, DESY Zeuthen, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Univ of Texas at Austin, Institut f\"ur Astrophysik, University of G{\"o}ttingen, Germany, Los Alamos Nal Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ of Arizona, Texas A\&M Univ, Penn State Univ, Trinity Univ, University of Michigan, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Maria Mitchell Observatory, HUJI, Temple Univ, Qufu Normal University, University of Maryland, College Park, CSIRO, Caltech, JPL, Caltech, JPL, University of Rochester, CCA, Flatiron Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Kenyon College, MIT, University of Colorado, Princeton University, Flatiron Institute, MIT, University of Cambridge, University of Sydney, Los Alamos National Lab, Louisiana State University, Argonne National Laboratory, Technical University Dresden, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Technische Universitat Dresden, Ohio University, Oak Ridge National Lab, University of the Witwatersrand/iThemba LABS, Agile Technologies, Inc, University of Ohio, University of Kentucky, Tennessee Technological University, University of Tennessee, University of Chicago, Duke University, Universidad de Zaragoza, Yale University, NASA Marshall, U Waterloo, NIST, Truman State Univ, Physics Department, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT 06604, Center for Theoretical Physics, Sloane Physics Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, Naval Research Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/University of Maryland Baltimore County, University of Maryland College Park, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/University of Maryland College Park, University of Alabama, UCLA, ICTS-TIFR, Albert Einstein Institute, Chennai Mathematical Institute, Kent State Univ - Kent, Rochester Institute of Technology, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade Federal do ABC, Kindai University, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Perimeter Institute, CERN, University of Utah, Nikhef, University of Pittsburgh, University of Valencia, The Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, ANL, Univ of California Berkeley, LBNL, ANL; Drexel Univ, Argonne Natl Lab; Sumy State Univ, Univ of California Berkeley; NSD LBNL, Drexel Univ, ANL; Kavli Inst for Cosmological Physics; Univ of Chicago, North Dakota State University, Penn State Greater Allegheny, University of New England, University of Maine, Univ of San Diego, Carleton University, CEA Saclay, LLNL, Siena, NOAO, Perimeter, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA, Monash University, Australia, University of California, Berkeley, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, USA, West Virginia University, University of Milan - Bicocca, Italy, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (AEI), Hannover, Germany, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria, Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute,Ota,Nigeria, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA, Department of Physics, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA, Fudan University, Department of physics, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook Natl Univ, Univ of Pittsburgh, University of California, Los Angeles, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Tokyo Inst. Tech, North Carolina State University, European X-ray Free Electron Laser GmbH, Schenefeld, Germany, University of the Ryukyus, Jagiellonian University, Duke University and TUNL, Vilnius University, North Carolina Central University and TUNL, Old Dominion University and Jefferson Laboratory, Washington University, St. Louis, Albert-Einstein-Institut Potsdam-Golm, University College London, The University of Oregon, RIT, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Mississippi, Florida State University, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Technical University Munich, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, Michigan State Univ, Univ of Tennessee, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, IRFU, CEA, Universite Paris-Saclay, Michigan State Univ, Univ of Tennessee, Michigan State Univ and Hebrew Univ of Jerusalem, University of Tennessee/ORNL, eXtreme Gravity Institute, Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, University of Western Australia, IU Bloomington, Rutgers University, University of Amsterdam, Perimeter Inst for Theo Phys, Bowdoin College, National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Sapienza Università di Roma, New York University, Stanford, Wake Forest Univ, Joint Quantum Institute, Tufts University, Institut für Kernphysik - Forschungszentrum Jülich, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, University of Glasgow, University of Virginia, Cornell University, University of Maryland, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, Argonne Natl Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, College of William and Mary, Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007, SD, USA, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Hendrix College, Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Department of Materials science and engineering, Advanced materials research, Kumoh Inst of Tech, Advanced materaisl research, Kumoh Inst of Tech, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Advanced Material Research Center, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Materials Science and Engineering, Kumoh national institute technology, Materials Science and Engineering, Harvard-Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Millikin University, Brookhaven National Lab, Towson University, University of California, Berkeley, University of California, San Diego, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Suffolk University, Drake University, Henan Normal University, Reed College, University of St. Thomas, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Physics, Government College University, Lahore (54000), Pakistan., Univ of Saskatchewan, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory/Duke University, Brandeis, U. Wisconsin Madison, Fermilab, University of Oregon, University of Florida, LIGO Laboratory, Caltech, California State University, Fullerton, Bucknell University, Chicago State University, University of Jyvaskyla, National Research Nuclear University of Moscow, Southern Methodist University, INFN Padova, INFN Milano, INFN Torino, INFN Roma1, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, INFN Trieste, University and INFN of Padova, Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Lab, California Polytechnic University, Kennesaw State Univ, Radboud University, Baylor University, Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Maryland-College Park, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington, Seattle, NASA GSFC/CRESST-UMBC, Northern Kentucky University, NASA Goddard, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA

  • E.R. Christian

    None, S.N. Bose National Centre for basic Sciences, Sharif University of Technology, Isfahan University of Technology, University of Rhode Island, Texas Tech University, Idaho National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Brigham Young University, University of Texas Austin, Drexel University, Oregon University, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Illinois Institute of Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Notre Dame, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, William \& Mary, U. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Jefferson Lab, NVIDIA Corp., U. of Glasgow, U. of California at Berkeley, U. of Maryland, Boston University, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CERN ,EPFL, BINP, CEA, INFN - Roma1, Imperial College, CERN, Vanderbilt University, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Michigan State University, Academia Sinica, Niels Bohr Institute, Stockholm University, Univ of Virginia, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, TRIUMF, Pennsylvania State University, University of Goettingen, University of Washington, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Syracuse University, Humboldt State University, Northwestern University, Stanford University, IUPUI, Indiana University, IUPUI & Humboldt State University, DESY Zeuthen, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Univ of Texas at Austin, Institut f\"ur Astrophysik, University of G{\"o}ttingen, Germany, Los Alamos Nal Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ of Arizona, Texas A\&M Univ, Penn State Univ, Trinity Univ, University of Michigan, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Maria Mitchell Observatory, HUJI, Temple Univ, Qufu Normal University, University of Maryland, College Park, CSIRO, Caltech, JPL, Caltech, JPL, University of Rochester, CCA, Flatiron Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Kenyon College, MIT, University of Colorado, Princeton University, Flatiron Institute, MIT, University of Cambridge, University of Sydney, Los Alamos National Lab, Louisiana State University, Argonne National Laboratory, Technical University Dresden, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Technische Universitat Dresden, Ohio University, Oak Ridge National Lab, University of the Witwatersrand/iThemba LABS, Agile Technologies, Inc, University of Ohio, University of Kentucky, Tennessee Technological University, University of Tennessee, University of Chicago, Duke University, Universidad de Zaragoza, Yale University, NASA Marshall, U Waterloo, NIST, Truman State Univ, Physics Department, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT 06604, Center for Theoretical Physics, Sloane Physics Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, Naval Research Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/University of Maryland Baltimore County, University of Maryland College Park, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/University of Maryland College Park, University of Alabama, UCLA, ICTS-TIFR, Albert Einstein Institute, Chennai Mathematical Institute, Kent State Univ - Kent, Rochester Institute of Technology, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade Federal do ABC, Kindai University, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Perimeter Institute, CERN, University of Utah, Nikhef, University of Pittsburgh, University of Valencia, The Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, ANL, Univ of California Berkeley, LBNL, ANL; Drexel Univ, Argonne Natl Lab; Sumy State Univ, Univ of California Berkeley; NSD LBNL, Drexel Univ, ANL; Kavli Inst for Cosmological Physics; Univ of Chicago, North Dakota State University, Penn State Greater Allegheny, University of New England, University of Maine, Univ of San Diego, Carleton University, CEA Saclay, LLNL, Siena, NOAO, Perimeter, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA, Monash University, Australia, University of California, Berkeley, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, USA, West Virginia University, University of Milan - Bicocca, Italy, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (AEI), Hannover, Germany, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria, Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute,Ota,Nigeria, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA, Department of Physics, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA, Fudan University, Department of physics, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook Natl Univ, Univ of Pittsburgh, University of California, Los Angeles, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Tokyo Inst. Tech, North Carolina State University, European X-ray Free Electron Laser GmbH, Schenefeld, Germany, University of the Ryukyus, Jagiellonian University, Duke University and TUNL, Vilnius University, North Carolina Central University and TUNL, Old Dominion University and Jefferson Laboratory, Washington University, St. Louis, Albert-Einstein-Institut Potsdam-Golm, University College London, The University of Oregon, RIT, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Mississippi, Florida State University, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Technical University Munich, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, Michigan State Univ, Univ of Tennessee, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, IRFU, CEA, Universite Paris-Saclay, Michigan State Univ, Univ of Tennessee, Michigan State Univ and Hebrew Univ of Jerusalem, University of Tennessee/ORNL, eXtreme Gravity Institute, Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, University of Western Australia, IU Bloomington, Rutgers University, University of Amsterdam, Perimeter Inst for Theo Phys, Bowdoin College, National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Sapienza Università di Roma, New York University, Stanford, Wake Forest Univ, Joint Quantum Institute, Tufts University, Institut für Kernphysik - Forschungszentrum Jülich, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, University of Glasgow, University of Virginia, Cornell University, University of Maryland, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, Argonne Natl Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, College of William and Mary, Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007, SD, USA, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Hendrix College, Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Department of Materials science and engineering, Advanced materials research, Kumoh Inst of Tech, Advanced materaisl research, Kumoh Inst of Tech, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Advanced Material Research Center, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Materials Science and Engineering, Kumoh national institute technology, Materials Science and Engineering, Harvard-Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Millikin University, Brookhaven National Lab, Towson University, University of California, Berkeley, University of California, San Diego, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Suffolk University, Drake University, Henan Normal University, Reed College, University of St. Thomas, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Physics, Government College University, Lahore (54000), Pakistan., Univ of Saskatchewan, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory/Duke University, Brandeis, U. Wisconsin Madison, Fermilab, University of Oregon, University of Florida, LIGO Laboratory, Caltech, California State University, Fullerton, Bucknell University, Chicago State University, University of Jyvaskyla, National Research Nuclear University of Moscow, Southern Methodist University, INFN Padova, INFN Milano, INFN Torino, INFN Roma1, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, INFN Trieste, University and INFN of Padova, Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Lab, California Polytechnic University, Kennesaw State Univ, Radboud University, Baylor University, Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Maryland-College Park, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington, Seattle, NASA GSFC/CRESST-UMBC, Northern Kentucky University, NASA Goddard, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA

  • E.R. Christian

    None, S.N. Bose National Centre for basic Sciences, Sharif University of Technology, Isfahan University of Technology, University of Rhode Island, Texas Tech University, Idaho National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Brigham Young University, University of Texas Austin, Drexel University, Oregon University, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Illinois Institute of Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Notre Dame, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, William \& Mary, U. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Jefferson Lab, NVIDIA Corp., U. of Glasgow, U. of California at Berkeley, U. of Maryland, Boston University, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CERN ,EPFL, BINP, CEA, INFN - Roma1, Imperial College, CERN, Vanderbilt University, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Michigan State University, Academia Sinica, Niels Bohr Institute, Stockholm University, Univ of Virginia, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, TRIUMF, Pennsylvania State University, University of Goettingen, University of Washington, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Syracuse University, Humboldt State University, Northwestern University, Stanford University, IUPUI, Indiana University, IUPUI & Humboldt State University, DESY Zeuthen, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Univ of Texas at Austin, Institut f\"ur Astrophysik, University of G{\"o}ttingen, Germany, Los Alamos Nal Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ of Arizona, Texas A\&M Univ, Penn State Univ, Trinity Univ, University of Michigan, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Maria Mitchell Observatory, HUJI, Temple Univ, Qufu Normal University, University of Maryland, College Park, CSIRO, Caltech, JPL, Caltech, JPL, University of Rochester, CCA, Flatiron Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Kenyon College, MIT, University of Colorado, Princeton University, Flatiron Institute, MIT, University of Cambridge, University of Sydney, Los Alamos National Lab, Louisiana State University, Argonne National Laboratory, Technical University Dresden, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Technische Universitat Dresden, Ohio University, Oak Ridge National Lab, University of the Witwatersrand/iThemba LABS, Agile Technologies, Inc, University of Ohio, University of Kentucky, Tennessee Technological University, University of Tennessee, University of Chicago, Duke University, Universidad de Zaragoza, Yale University, NASA Marshall, U Waterloo, NIST, Truman State Univ, Physics Department, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT 06604, Center for Theoretical Physics, Sloane Physics Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, Naval Research Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/University of Maryland Baltimore County, University of Maryland College Park, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/University of Maryland College Park, University of Alabama, UCLA, ICTS-TIFR, Albert Einstein Institute, Chennai Mathematical Institute, Kent State Univ - Kent, Rochester Institute of Technology, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade Federal do ABC, Kindai University, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Perimeter Institute, CERN, University of Utah, Nikhef, University of Pittsburgh, University of Valencia, The Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, ANL, Univ of California Berkeley, LBNL, ANL; Drexel Univ, Argonne Natl Lab; Sumy State Univ, Univ of California Berkeley; NSD LBNL, Drexel Univ, ANL; Kavli Inst for Cosmological Physics; Univ of Chicago, North Dakota State University, Penn State Greater Allegheny, University of New England, University of Maine, Univ of San Diego, Carleton University, CEA Saclay, LLNL, Siena, NOAO, Perimeter, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA, Monash University, Australia, University of California, Berkeley, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, USA, West Virginia University, University of Milan - Bicocca, Italy, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (AEI), Hannover, Germany, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria, Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute,Ota,Nigeria, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA, Department of Physics, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA, Fudan University, Department of physics, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook Natl Univ, Univ of Pittsburgh, University of California, Los Angeles, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Tokyo Inst. Tech, North Carolina State University, European X-ray Free Electron Laser GmbH, Schenefeld, Germany, University of the Ryukyus, Jagiellonian University, Duke University and TUNL, Vilnius University, North Carolina Central University and TUNL, Old Dominion University and Jefferson Laboratory, Washington University, St. Louis, Albert-Einstein-Institut Potsdam-Golm, University College London, The University of Oregon, RIT, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Mississippi, Florida State University, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Technical University Munich, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, Michigan State Univ, Univ of Tennessee, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, IRFU, CEA, Universite Paris-Saclay, Michigan State Univ, Univ of Tennessee, Michigan State Univ and Hebrew Univ of Jerusalem, University of Tennessee/ORNL, eXtreme Gravity Institute, Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, University of Western Australia, IU Bloomington, Rutgers University, University of Amsterdam, Perimeter Inst for Theo Phys, Bowdoin College, National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Sapienza Università di Roma, New York University, Stanford, Wake Forest Univ, Joint Quantum Institute, Tufts University, Institut für Kernphysik - Forschungszentrum Jülich, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, University of Glasgow, University of Virginia, Cornell University, University of Maryland, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, Argonne Natl Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, College of William and Mary, Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007, SD, USA, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Hendrix College, Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Department of Materials science and engineering, Advanced materials research, Kumoh Inst of Tech, Advanced materaisl research, Kumoh Inst of Tech, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Advanced Material Research Center, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Materials Science and Engineering, Kumoh national institute technology, Materials Science and Engineering, Harvard-Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Millikin University, Brookhaven National Lab, Towson University, University of California, Berkeley, University of California, San Diego, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Suffolk University, Drake University, Henan Normal University, Reed College, University of St. Thomas, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Physics, Government College University, Lahore (54000), Pakistan., Univ of Saskatchewan, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory/Duke University, Brandeis, U. Wisconsin Madison, Fermilab, University of Oregon, University of Florida, LIGO Laboratory, Caltech, California State University, Fullerton, Bucknell University, Chicago State University, University of Jyvaskyla, National Research Nuclear University of Moscow, Southern Methodist University, INFN Padova, INFN Milano, INFN Torino, INFN Roma1, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, INFN Trieste, University and INFN of Padova, Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Lab, California Polytechnic University, Kennesaw State Univ, Radboud University, Baylor University, Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Maryland-College Park, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington, Seattle, NASA GSFC/CRESST-UMBC, Northern Kentucky University, NASA Goddard, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA

  • E.R. Christian

    None, S.N. Bose National Centre for basic Sciences, Sharif University of Technology, Isfahan University of Technology, University of Rhode Island, Texas Tech University, Idaho National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Brigham Young University, University of Texas Austin, Drexel University, Oregon University, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Illinois Institute of Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Notre Dame, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, William \& Mary, U. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Jefferson Lab, NVIDIA Corp., U. of Glasgow, U. of California at Berkeley, U. of Maryland, Boston University, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CERN ,EPFL, BINP, CEA, INFN - Roma1, Imperial College, CERN, Vanderbilt University, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Michigan State University, Academia Sinica, Niels Bohr Institute, Stockholm University, Univ of Virginia, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, TRIUMF, Pennsylvania State University, University of Goettingen, University of Washington, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Syracuse University, Humboldt State University, Northwestern University, Stanford University, IUPUI, Indiana University, IUPUI & Humboldt State University, DESY Zeuthen, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Univ of Texas at Austin, Institut f\"ur Astrophysik, University of G{\"o}ttingen, Germany, Los Alamos Nal Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ of Arizona, Texas A\&M Univ, Penn State Univ, Trinity Univ, University of Michigan, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Maria Mitchell Observatory, HUJI, Temple Univ, Qufu Normal University, University of Maryland, College Park, CSIRO, Caltech, JPL, Caltech, JPL, University of Rochester, CCA, Flatiron Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Kenyon College, MIT, University of Colorado, Princeton University, Flatiron Institute, MIT, University of Cambridge, University of Sydney, Los Alamos National Lab, Louisiana State University, Argonne National Laboratory, Technical University Dresden, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Technische Universitat Dresden, Ohio University, Oak Ridge National Lab, University of the Witwatersrand/iThemba LABS, Agile Technologies, Inc, University of Ohio, University of Kentucky, Tennessee Technological University, University of Tennessee, University of Chicago, Duke University, Universidad de Zaragoza, Yale University, NASA Marshall, U Waterloo, NIST, Truman State Univ, Physics Department, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT 06604, Center for Theoretical Physics, Sloane Physics Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, Naval Research Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/University of Maryland Baltimore County, University of Maryland College Park, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/University of Maryland College Park, University of Alabama, UCLA, ICTS-TIFR, Albert Einstein Institute, Chennai Mathematical Institute, Kent State Univ - Kent, Rochester Institute of Technology, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade Federal do ABC, Kindai University, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Perimeter Institute, CERN, University of Utah, Nikhef, University of Pittsburgh, University of Valencia, The Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, ANL, Univ of California Berkeley, LBNL, ANL; Drexel Univ, Argonne Natl Lab; Sumy State Univ, Univ of California Berkeley; NSD LBNL, Drexel Univ, ANL; Kavli Inst for Cosmological Physics; Univ of Chicago, North Dakota State University, Penn State Greater Allegheny, University of New England, University of Maine, Univ of San Diego, Carleton University, CEA Saclay, LLNL, Siena, NOAO, Perimeter, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA, Monash University, Australia, University of California, Berkeley, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, USA, West Virginia University, University of Milan - Bicocca, Italy, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (AEI), Hannover, Germany, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria, Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute,Ota,Nigeria, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA, Department of Physics, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA, Fudan University, Department of physics, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook Natl Univ, Univ of Pittsburgh, University of California, Los Angeles, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Tokyo Inst. Tech, North Carolina State University, European X-ray Free Electron Laser GmbH, Schenefeld, Germany, University of the Ryukyus, Jagiellonian University, Duke University and TUNL, Vilnius University, North Carolina Central University and TUNL, Old Dominion University and Jefferson Laboratory, Washington University, St. Louis, Albert-Einstein-Institut Potsdam-Golm, University College London, The University of Oregon, RIT, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Mississippi, Florida State University, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Technical University Munich, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, Michigan State Univ, Univ of Tennessee, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, IRFU, CEA, Universite Paris-Saclay, Michigan State Univ, Univ of Tennessee, Michigan State Univ and Hebrew Univ of Jerusalem, University of Tennessee/ORNL, eXtreme Gravity Institute, Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, University of Western Australia, IU Bloomington, Rutgers University, University of Amsterdam, Perimeter Inst for Theo Phys, Bowdoin College, National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Sapienza Università di Roma, New York University, Stanford, Wake Forest Univ, Joint Quantum Institute, Tufts University, Institut für Kernphysik - Forschungszentrum Jülich, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, University of Glasgow, University of Virginia, Cornell University, University of Maryland, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, Argonne Natl Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, College of William and Mary, Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007, SD, USA, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Hendrix College, Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Department of Materials science and engineering, Advanced materials research, Kumoh Inst of Tech, Advanced materaisl research, Kumoh Inst of Tech, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Advanced Material Research Center, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Materials Science and Engineering, Kumoh national institute technology, Materials Science and Engineering, Harvard-Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Millikin University, Brookhaven National Lab, Towson University, University of California, Berkeley, University of California, San Diego, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Suffolk University, Drake University, Henan Normal University, Reed College, University of St. Thomas, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Physics, Government College University, Lahore (54000), Pakistan., Univ of Saskatchewan, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory/Duke University, Brandeis, U. Wisconsin Madison, Fermilab, University of Oregon, University of Florida, LIGO Laboratory, Caltech, California State University, Fullerton, Bucknell University, Chicago State University, University of Jyvaskyla, National Research Nuclear University of Moscow, Southern Methodist University, INFN Padova, INFN Milano, INFN Torino, INFN Roma1, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, INFN Trieste, University and INFN of Padova, Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Lab, California Polytechnic University, Kennesaw State Univ, Radboud University, Baylor University, Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Maryland-College Park, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington, Seattle, NASA GSFC/CRESST-UMBC, Northern Kentucky University, NASA Goddard, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA

  • E.R. Christian

    None, S.N. Bose National Centre for basic Sciences, Sharif University of Technology, Isfahan University of Technology, University of Rhode Island, Texas Tech University, Idaho National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Brigham Young University, University of Texas Austin, Drexel University, Oregon University, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Illinois Institute of Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Notre Dame, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, William \& Mary, U. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Jefferson Lab, NVIDIA Corp., U. of Glasgow, U. of California at Berkeley, U. of Maryland, Boston University, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CERN ,EPFL, BINP, CEA, INFN - Roma1, Imperial College, CERN, Vanderbilt University, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Michigan State University, Academia Sinica, Niels Bohr Institute, Stockholm University, Univ of Virginia, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, TRIUMF, Pennsylvania State University, University of Goettingen, University of Washington, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Syracuse University, Humboldt State University, Northwestern University, Stanford University, IUPUI, Indiana University, IUPUI & Humboldt State University, DESY Zeuthen, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Univ of Texas at Austin, Institut f\"ur Astrophysik, University of G{\"o}ttingen, Germany, Los Alamos Nal Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ of Arizona, Texas A\&M Univ, Penn State Univ, Trinity Univ, University of Michigan, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Maria Mitchell Observatory, HUJI, Temple Univ, Qufu Normal University, University of Maryland, College Park, CSIRO, Caltech, JPL, Caltech, JPL, University of Rochester, CCA, Flatiron Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Kenyon College, MIT, University of Colorado, Princeton University, Flatiron Institute, MIT, University of Cambridge, University of Sydney, Los Alamos National Lab, Louisiana State University, Argonne National Laboratory, Technical University Dresden, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Technische Universitat Dresden, Ohio University, Oak Ridge National Lab, University of the Witwatersrand/iThemba LABS, Agile Technologies, Inc, University of Ohio, University of Kentucky, Tennessee Technological University, University of Tennessee, University of Chicago, Duke University, Universidad de Zaragoza, Yale University, NASA Marshall, U Waterloo, NIST, Truman State Univ, Physics Department, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT 06604, Center for Theoretical Physics, Sloane Physics Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, Naval Research Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/University of Maryland Baltimore County, University of Maryland College Park, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/University of Maryland College Park, University of Alabama, UCLA, ICTS-TIFR, Albert Einstein Institute, Chennai Mathematical Institute, Kent State Univ - Kent, Rochester Institute of Technology, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade Federal do ABC, Kindai University, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Perimeter Institute, CERN, University of Utah, Nikhef, University of Pittsburgh, University of Valencia, The Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, ANL, Univ of California Berkeley, LBNL, ANL; Drexel Univ, Argonne Natl Lab; Sumy State Univ, Univ of California Berkeley; NSD LBNL, Drexel Univ, ANL; Kavli Inst for Cosmological Physics; Univ of Chicago, North Dakota State University, Penn State Greater Allegheny, University of New England, University of Maine, Univ of San Diego, Carleton University, CEA Saclay, LLNL, Siena, NOAO, Perimeter, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA, Monash University, Australia, University of California, Berkeley, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, USA, West Virginia University, University of Milan - Bicocca, Italy, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (AEI), Hannover, Germany, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria, Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute,Ota,Nigeria, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA, Department of Physics, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA, Fudan University, Department of physics, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook Natl Univ, Univ of Pittsburgh, University of California, Los Angeles, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Tokyo Inst. Tech, North Carolina State University, European X-ray Free Electron Laser GmbH, Schenefeld, Germany, University of the Ryukyus, Jagiellonian University, Duke University and TUNL, Vilnius University, North Carolina Central University and TUNL, Old Dominion University and Jefferson Laboratory, Washington University, St. Louis, Albert-Einstein-Institut Potsdam-Golm, University College London, The University of Oregon, RIT, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Mississippi, Florida State University, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Technical University Munich, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, Michigan State Univ, Univ of Tennessee, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, IRFU, CEA, Universite Paris-Saclay, Michigan State Univ, Univ of Tennessee, Michigan State Univ and Hebrew Univ of Jerusalem, University of Tennessee/ORNL, eXtreme Gravity Institute, Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, University of Western Australia, IU Bloomington, Rutgers University, University of Amsterdam, Perimeter Inst for Theo Phys, Bowdoin College, National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Sapienza Università di Roma, New York University, Stanford, Wake Forest Univ, Joint Quantum Institute, Tufts University, Institut für Kernphysik - Forschungszentrum Jülich, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, University of Glasgow, University of Virginia, Cornell University, University of Maryland, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, Argonne Natl Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, College of William and Mary, Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007, SD, USA, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Hendrix College, Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Department of Materials science and engineering, Advanced materials research, Kumoh Inst of Tech, Advanced materaisl research, Kumoh Inst of Tech, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Advanced Material Research Center, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Materials Science and Engineering, Kumoh national institute technology, Materials Science and Engineering, Harvard-Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Millikin University, Brookhaven National Lab, Towson University, University of California, Berkeley, University of California, San Diego, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Suffolk University, Drake University, Henan Normal University, Reed College, University of St. Thomas, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Physics, Government College University, Lahore (54000), Pakistan., Univ of Saskatchewan, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory/Duke University, Brandeis, U. Wisconsin Madison, Fermilab, University of Oregon, University of Florida, LIGO Laboratory, Caltech, California State University, Fullerton, Bucknell University, Chicago State University, University of Jyvaskyla, National Research Nuclear University of Moscow, Southern Methodist University, INFN Padova, INFN Milano, INFN Torino, INFN Roma1, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, INFN Trieste, University and INFN of Padova, Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Lab, California Polytechnic University, Kennesaw State Univ, Radboud University, Baylor University, Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Maryland-College Park, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington, Seattle, NASA GSFC/CRESST-UMBC, Northern Kentucky University, NASA Goddard, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA

  • E.R. Christian

    None, S.N. Bose National Centre for basic Sciences, Sharif University of Technology, Isfahan University of Technology, University of Rhode Island, Texas Tech University, Idaho National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Brigham Young University, University of Texas Austin, Drexel University, Oregon University, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Illinois Institute of Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Notre Dame, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, William \& Mary, U. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Jefferson Lab, NVIDIA Corp., U. of Glasgow, U. of California at Berkeley, U. of Maryland, Boston University, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CERN ,EPFL, BINP, CEA, INFN - Roma1, Imperial College, CERN, Vanderbilt University, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Michigan State University, Academia Sinica, Niels Bohr Institute, Stockholm University, Univ of Virginia, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, TRIUMF, Pennsylvania State University, University of Goettingen, University of Washington, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Syracuse University, Humboldt State University, Northwestern University, Stanford University, IUPUI, Indiana University, IUPUI & Humboldt State University, DESY Zeuthen, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Univ of Texas at Austin, Institut f\"ur Astrophysik, University of G{\"o}ttingen, Germany, Los Alamos Nal Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ of Arizona, Texas A\&M Univ, Penn State Univ, Trinity Univ, University of Michigan, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Maria Mitchell Observatory, HUJI, Temple Univ, Qufu Normal University, University of Maryland, College Park, CSIRO, Caltech, JPL, Caltech, JPL, University of Rochester, CCA, Flatiron Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Kenyon College, MIT, University of Colorado, Princeton University, Flatiron Institute, MIT, University of Cambridge, University of Sydney, Los Alamos National Lab, Louisiana State University, Argonne National Laboratory, Technical University Dresden, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Technische Universitat Dresden, Ohio University, Oak Ridge National Lab, University of the Witwatersrand/iThemba LABS, Agile Technologies, Inc, University of Ohio, University of Kentucky, Tennessee Technological University, University of Tennessee, University of Chicago, Duke University, Universidad de Zaragoza, Yale University, NASA Marshall, U Waterloo, NIST, Truman State Univ, Physics Department, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT 06604, Center for Theoretical Physics, Sloane Physics Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, Naval Research Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/University of Maryland Baltimore County, University of Maryland College Park, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/University of Maryland College Park, University of Alabama, UCLA, ICTS-TIFR, Albert Einstein Institute, Chennai Mathematical Institute, Kent State Univ - Kent, Rochester Institute of Technology, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade Federal do ABC, Kindai University, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Perimeter Institute, CERN, University of Utah, Nikhef, University of Pittsburgh, University of Valencia, The Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, ANL, Univ of California Berkeley, LBNL, ANL; Drexel Univ, Argonne Natl Lab; Sumy State Univ, Univ of California Berkeley; NSD LBNL, Drexel Univ, ANL; Kavli Inst for Cosmological Physics; Univ of Chicago, North Dakota State University, Penn State Greater Allegheny, University of New England, University of Maine, Univ of San Diego, Carleton University, CEA Saclay, LLNL, Siena, NOAO, Perimeter, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA, Monash University, Australia, University of California, Berkeley, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, USA, West Virginia University, University of Milan - Bicocca, Italy, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (AEI), Hannover, Germany, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria, Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute,Ota,Nigeria, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA, Department of Physics, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA, Fudan University, Department of physics, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook Natl Univ, Univ of Pittsburgh, University of California, Los Angeles, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Tokyo Inst. Tech, North Carolina State University, European X-ray Free Electron Laser GmbH, Schenefeld, Germany, University of the Ryukyus, Jagiellonian University, Duke University and TUNL, Vilnius University, North Carolina Central University and TUNL, Old Dominion University and Jefferson Laboratory, Washington University, St. Louis, Albert-Einstein-Institut Potsdam-Golm, University College London, The University of Oregon, RIT, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Mississippi, Florida State University, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Technical University Munich, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, Michigan State Univ, Univ of Tennessee, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, IRFU, CEA, Universite Paris-Saclay, Michigan State Univ, Univ of Tennessee, Michigan State Univ and Hebrew Univ of Jerusalem, University of Tennessee/ORNL, eXtreme Gravity Institute, Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, University of Western Australia, IU Bloomington, Rutgers University, University of Amsterdam, Perimeter Inst for Theo Phys, Bowdoin College, National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Sapienza Università di Roma, New York University, Stanford, Wake Forest Univ, Joint Quantum Institute, Tufts University, Institut für Kernphysik - Forschungszentrum Jülich, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, University of Glasgow, University of Virginia, Cornell University, University of Maryland, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, Argonne Natl Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, College of William and Mary, Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007, SD, USA, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Hendrix College, Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Department of Materials science and engineering, Advanced materials research, Kumoh Inst of Tech, Advanced materaisl research, Kumoh Inst of Tech, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Advanced Material Research Center, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Materials Science and Engineering, Kumoh national institute technology, Materials Science and Engineering, Harvard-Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Millikin University, Brookhaven National Lab, Towson University, University of California, Berkeley, University of California, San Diego, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Suffolk University, Drake University, Henan Normal University, Reed College, University of St. Thomas, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Physics, Government College University, Lahore (54000), Pakistan., Univ of Saskatchewan, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory/Duke University, Brandeis, U. Wisconsin Madison, Fermilab, University of Oregon, University of Florida, LIGO Laboratory, Caltech, California State University, Fullerton, Bucknell University, Chicago State University, University of Jyvaskyla, National Research Nuclear University of Moscow, Southern Methodist University, INFN Padova, INFN Milano, INFN Torino, INFN Roma1, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, INFN Trieste, University and INFN of Padova, Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Lab, California Polytechnic University, Kennesaw State Univ, Radboud University, Baylor University, Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Maryland-College Park, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington, Seattle, NASA GSFC/CRESST-UMBC, Northern Kentucky University, NASA Goddard, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA