Quantum Anomalous Energy Effects on the Nucleon Mass

We use the Hamiltonian approach to examine the content of the nucleon mass in quantum chromodynamics, which receives contributions from both scalar and tensor densities of the energy-momentum tensor. Apart from the quark masses, the scalar density contains a composite-gluon field $F^2$ originated from anomalous breaking of the scale symmetry due to ultraviolet quantum fluctuations. The response of this scalar field in the presence of the nucleon generates a non-perturbative contribution to the nucleon mass, in much the same way the Higgs fields endow mass for fundamental matter particles. We illustrate the physics of this anomalous energy contribution as a dynamical Higgs mechanism through a 1+1 dimensional non-linear sigma model. Finally, the anomalous energy sets the scale for quark and gluon kinetic and potential energy contributions to the remainder of the nucleon mass through a relativistic virial theorem.