Single atom Rydberg spectroscopy and AC Stark shifts in two-photon excitation

POSTER

Abstract

We have developed an instrument that allows spectroscopy of Rydberg states to be performed on single, optically trapped atoms. Two-photon excitation of single Rb atoms is used to measure dynamic (AC) Stark shifts of the ground to Rydberg transition. The measured shifts are compared with theoretical calculations. The influence of the AC Stark shifts on the fidelity of Rydberg gate operations is discussed, and we present a simple method for canceling the Stark shifts by balancing the single photon excitation Rabi frequencies.

Authors

  • Erich Urban

    University of Wisconsin

  • Mikhail Lukin

    Department of Physics, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX-77843, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX-77843, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS II, Rice University, University of Connecticut, Purdue University, Max-Planck-Institute for Quantum Optics, Germany, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Academia Sinica Taiwan, Perimeter Institute of Theoretical Physics, Fort Hays State University, Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, Observatoire de Paris - SYRTE, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Old Dominion University, Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, University of Delaware, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Western Michigan Universtiy, Denison University, Western Michigan University and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Advanced Light Source, LBL, Western Michigan Univ., Department of Physics, Florida A\&M University, Tallahassee, FL-32307, Department of Physics, The University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, Missouri University of Science and Technology, University of Manchester (UK), Harvey Mudd College, Kansas State University, University of New South Wales, Australia, University of Nevada, University of Virginia, Sofia University, Kapteyn-Murnane Laboratories Inc., Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, NSF EUV ERC, The College of William\&Mary, Florida State University, University of Notre Dame, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, University of Maryland and NIST Gaithersburg, Georgia Institute of Technology, Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms and Dept. of Physics, Harvard University, Harvard University, University of Maryland, University of Wisconsin-Madison, National University of Singapore, Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, 07743, Jena, Germany, Max-Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2601, USA, Institute of High Performance Computing, Singapore, Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, Germany, James R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, USA, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0440, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, Washington State University, Van der Waals-Zeeman Instituut, Universiteit van Amsterdam, The Netherlands, University of Nottingham, Theoretische Chemie, University of Heidelberg, Naval Research Laboratory, JILA and the University of Colorado, Boulder, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Austrian Academy of Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, Radboud University Nijmegen, Netherlands, University of Perugia, Italy, Moscow State University, Russia, INFN and CNISM, Physics Department, University of Pisa, Institute of Quantum Physics, Ulm University, Germany, University of Toronto, NIST, TU Darmstadt, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA, ARC Center for Anti-Matter Studies, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia, Tulane University, Gothenburg University, Sweden, University of Wisconsin, NIST, Boulder, Yale U., Petersburg Nuc. Phys. Inst., U.S. Coast Guard Acad., Bridgewater St. C., Yale University, University of Oklahoma, JILA/University of Colorado Boulder, Penn State Physics Dept., Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Texas A\&M University, Princeton University, Department of Physics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk VA 23529, University of Texas at Austin, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, Colrado State University, Colorado State University, University of Michigan, JILA and University of Colorado, Department of Physics and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, JILA, University of Colorado, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Argonne National Lab, Illinois, University of Arizona, Tucson, \"Osterreische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Max Planck-Institute for Quantum Optics, Hans Kopfermann Str.1, D-85748 Garching, Germany, Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics and NIST, College Park MD 20742, USA, College of William and Mary, University of Rochester, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, Max-Born-Institute, Max-Born-Str. 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany, The PULSE Institute for Ultrafast Energy Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Laser Physics Center, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico, Max-Planck Institut fur Physik Komplexer Systeme, Dresden, Germany, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, University of Texas at Dallas, California Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, UC Berkeley, University of Arizona, QUANTOP, Danish Research Foundation Center for Quantum Optics, University of Aarhus, Denmark, ITAMP Harvard-Smithsonian CfA, Vienna University of Technology, Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland and NIST, Atomic Physics Division, NIST, Universitat Innsbruck and Institut fur Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, TU Eindhoven, The Netherlands, University of New Mexico, The University of Tokyo and JST, ERATO, Dept. of Physics, University of Michigan, Dept.of Physics, UWF, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2601, USA, Universite Littoral, Department of Physics, Penn State University, Berks Campus, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Institute of Applied Laser Physics UzAS, Tashkent, 100135, Uzbekistan, Arifov Institute of Electronics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, LBNL, UCLA, California State University Fullerton, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel, Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Queen's University, UK, Auburn University, AL, USA, ALS, LBNL, USA, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janerio, Brazil, UNAM, Mexico, University of Nevada, Reno, USA, ALS, LBNL, Queen's University of Belfast, UK, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, Fu-Jen Catholic U., Taiwan, UC Berkeley, KAIST, Korea, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan., Indian Institute of Technology - Madras, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Lafayette College, Colby College, Inst of Atomic \& Molec Sci, JILA/University of Colorado, University of British Columbia, Coll\`ege de France, Laboratory Kastler-Brossel, ENS, UPMC, CNRS, Carleton College and Columbia University, Oxford University, Rice Quantum Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, ETH Z\"urich, CH, LKB Paris, F, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA, Uni Mainz, D, Joint Quantum Institute, Indiana University, University of Nevada, Reno, Argonne Natl. Lab., Argonne Natl. Lab., U. of Chicago, U. of Kentucky, Argonne Natl. Lab, LBNL, Berkeley Ca., U. of Chicago, Argonne. Natl. Lab., Argonne Natl. Lab, MIT, University of California at Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Bucknell University, Raman Research Institute, Intitute Polytechnique de Grenoble, Universite de Rennes 1 (France), NIST (USA), University of Ulm (Germany), Harvard University Physics Department, Harvard University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-6300, Seoul National University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, MPIPKS Dresden, University of Oxford, UK, Louisiana State University, University of Queensland, Imperial College, Caltech, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0440, USA, University of Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA, Department of Physics, Augustana College, Sioux Falls, SD 57197 USA, University of Pittsburgh, Harvard-Smithsonian CFA, Universitaet Kaiserslautern, Germany, IQC, University of Waterloo, Canada, Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of Florida, The College of the Holy Cross, Duke University, MIT/Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Georiga Institute of Technology, Universidade de S\~{a}o Paulo, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Joint Quantum Institute and Dept. of Physics, Univ. of Maryland, Texas A\&M, Bates College, East Carolina University, Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA-23185, Weizmann Institute of Science, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Columbia University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Keio University, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Korea University, Lehigh University, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Fock Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Physics Division, National Science Foundation, USA, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Austria, Theoretical Division, LANL, USA, Physics Division, NSF, USA, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Austria, EU, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, USA, Department of Applied Physics and Chemistry, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofu-ga-oka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan, NIST Time and Frequency Div., National Institute of Standards and Technology; 325 Broadway; Boulder, CO 80305, Auburn University, UW-Madison, WI U.S.A., ILL, Grenoble France, NIST, Gaithersburg MD U.S.A., FOCUS U-Mich, Ann Arbor MI U.S.A., ISIS, Didcot U.K., UNC Wilmington, NIST and Indiana University, University of Toulouse - UPS, IRSAMC, Toulouse, France, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel - CNRS, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Cornell University, Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138

  • Mikhail Lukin

    Department of Physics, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX-77843, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX-77843, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS II, Rice University, University of Connecticut, Purdue University, Max-Planck-Institute for Quantum Optics, Germany, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Academia Sinica Taiwan, Perimeter Institute of Theoretical Physics, Fort Hays State University, Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, Observatoire de Paris - SYRTE, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Old Dominion University, Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, University of Delaware, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Western Michigan Universtiy, Denison University, Western Michigan University and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Advanced Light Source, LBL, Western Michigan Univ., Department of Physics, Florida A\&M University, Tallahassee, FL-32307, Department of Physics, The University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, Missouri University of Science and Technology, University of Manchester (UK), Harvey Mudd College, Kansas State University, University of New South Wales, Australia, University of Nevada, University of Virginia, Sofia University, Kapteyn-Murnane Laboratories Inc., Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, NSF EUV ERC, The College of William\&Mary, Florida State University, University of Notre Dame, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, University of Maryland and NIST Gaithersburg, Georgia Institute of Technology, Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms and Dept. of Physics, Harvard University, Harvard University, University of Maryland, University of Wisconsin-Madison, National University of Singapore, Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, 07743, Jena, Germany, Max-Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2601, USA, Institute of High Performance Computing, Singapore, Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, Germany, James R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, USA, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0440, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, Washington State University, Van der Waals-Zeeman Instituut, Universiteit van Amsterdam, The Netherlands, University of Nottingham, Theoretische Chemie, University of Heidelberg, Naval Research Laboratory, JILA and the University of Colorado, Boulder, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Austrian Academy of Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, Radboud University Nijmegen, Netherlands, University of Perugia, Italy, Moscow State University, Russia, INFN and CNISM, Physics Department, University of Pisa, Institute of Quantum Physics, Ulm University, Germany, University of Toronto, NIST, TU Darmstadt, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA, ARC Center for Anti-Matter Studies, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia, Tulane University, Gothenburg University, Sweden, University of Wisconsin, NIST, Boulder, Yale U., Petersburg Nuc. Phys. Inst., U.S. Coast Guard Acad., Bridgewater St. C., Yale University, University of Oklahoma, JILA/University of Colorado Boulder, Penn State Physics Dept., Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Texas A\&M University, Princeton University, Department of Physics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk VA 23529, University of Texas at Austin, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, Colrado State University, Colorado State University, University of Michigan, JILA and University of Colorado, Department of Physics and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, JILA, University of Colorado, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Argonne National Lab, Illinois, University of Arizona, Tucson, \"Osterreische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Max Planck-Institute for Quantum Optics, Hans Kopfermann Str.1, D-85748 Garching, Germany, Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics and NIST, College Park MD 20742, USA, College of William and Mary, University of Rochester, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, Max-Born-Institute, Max-Born-Str. 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany, The PULSE Institute for Ultrafast Energy Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Laser Physics Center, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico, Max-Planck Institut fur Physik Komplexer Systeme, Dresden, Germany, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, University of Texas at Dallas, California Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, UC Berkeley, University of Arizona, QUANTOP, Danish Research Foundation Center for Quantum Optics, University of Aarhus, Denmark, ITAMP Harvard-Smithsonian CfA, Vienna University of Technology, Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland and NIST, Atomic Physics Division, NIST, Universitat Innsbruck and Institut fur Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, TU Eindhoven, The Netherlands, University of New Mexico, The University of Tokyo and JST, ERATO, Dept. of Physics, University of Michigan, Dept.of Physics, UWF, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2601, USA, Universite Littoral, Department of Physics, Penn State University, Berks Campus, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Institute of Applied Laser Physics UzAS, Tashkent, 100135, Uzbekistan, Arifov Institute of Electronics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, LBNL, UCLA, California State University Fullerton, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel, Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Queen's University, UK, Auburn University, AL, USA, ALS, LBNL, USA, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janerio, Brazil, UNAM, Mexico, University of Nevada, Reno, USA, ALS, LBNL, Queen's University of Belfast, UK, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, Fu-Jen Catholic U., Taiwan, UC Berkeley, KAIST, Korea, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan., Indian Institute of Technology - Madras, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Lafayette College, Colby College, Inst of Atomic \& Molec Sci, JILA/University of Colorado, University of British Columbia, Coll\`ege de France, Laboratory Kastler-Brossel, ENS, UPMC, CNRS, Carleton College and Columbia University, Oxford University, Rice Quantum Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, ETH Z\"urich, CH, LKB Paris, F, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA, Uni Mainz, D, Joint Quantum Institute, Indiana University, University of Nevada, Reno, Argonne Natl. Lab., Argonne Natl. Lab., U. of Chicago, U. of Kentucky, Argonne Natl. Lab, LBNL, Berkeley Ca., U. of Chicago, Argonne. Natl. Lab., Argonne Natl. Lab, MIT, University of California at Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Bucknell University, Raman Research Institute, Intitute Polytechnique de Grenoble, Universite de Rennes 1 (France), NIST (USA), University of Ulm (Germany), Harvard University Physics Department, Harvard University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-6300, Seoul National University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, MPIPKS Dresden, University of Oxford, UK, Louisiana State University, University of Queensland, Imperial College, Caltech, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0440, USA, University of Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA, Department of Physics, Augustana College, Sioux Falls, SD 57197 USA, University of Pittsburgh, Harvard-Smithsonian CFA, Universitaet Kaiserslautern, Germany, IQC, University of Waterloo, Canada, Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of Florida, The College of the Holy Cross, Duke University, MIT/Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Georiga Institute of Technology, Universidade de S\~{a}o Paulo, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Joint Quantum Institute and Dept. of Physics, Univ. of Maryland, Texas A\&M, Bates College, East Carolina University, Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA-23185, Weizmann Institute of Science, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Columbia University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Keio University, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Korea University, Lehigh University, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Fock Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Physics Division, National Science Foundation, USA, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Austria, Theoretical Division, LANL, USA, Physics Division, NSF, USA, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Austria, EU, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, USA, Department of Applied Physics and Chemistry, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofu-ga-oka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan, NIST Time and Frequency Div., National Institute of Standards and Technology; 325 Broadway; Boulder, CO 80305, Auburn University, UW-Madison, WI U.S.A., ILL, Grenoble France, NIST, Gaithersburg MD U.S.A., FOCUS U-Mich, Ann Arbor MI U.S.A., ISIS, Didcot U.K., UNC Wilmington, NIST and Indiana University, University of Toulouse - UPS, IRSAMC, Toulouse, France, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel - CNRS, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Cornell University, Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138

  • Mikhail Lukin

    Department of Physics, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX-77843, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX-77843, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS II, Rice University, University of Connecticut, Purdue University, Max-Planck-Institute for Quantum Optics, Germany, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Academia Sinica Taiwan, Perimeter Institute of Theoretical Physics, Fort Hays State University, Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, Observatoire de Paris - SYRTE, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Old Dominion University, Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, University of Delaware, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Western Michigan Universtiy, Denison University, Western Michigan University and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Advanced Light Source, LBL, Western Michigan Univ., Department of Physics, Florida A\&M University, Tallahassee, FL-32307, Department of Physics, The University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, Missouri University of Science and Technology, University of Manchester (UK), Harvey Mudd College, Kansas State University, University of New South Wales, Australia, University of Nevada, University of Virginia, Sofia University, Kapteyn-Murnane Laboratories Inc., Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, NSF EUV ERC, The College of William\&Mary, Florida State University, University of Notre Dame, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, University of Maryland and NIST Gaithersburg, Georgia Institute of Technology, Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms and Dept. of Physics, Harvard University, Harvard University, University of Maryland, University of Wisconsin-Madison, National University of Singapore, Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, 07743, Jena, Germany, Max-Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2601, USA, Institute of High Performance Computing, Singapore, Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, Germany, James R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, USA, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0440, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, Washington State University, Van der Waals-Zeeman Instituut, Universiteit van Amsterdam, The Netherlands, University of Nottingham, Theoretische Chemie, University of Heidelberg, Naval Research Laboratory, JILA and the University of Colorado, Boulder, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Austrian Academy of Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, Radboud University Nijmegen, Netherlands, University of Perugia, Italy, Moscow State University, Russia, INFN and CNISM, Physics Department, University of Pisa, Institute of Quantum Physics, Ulm University, Germany, University of Toronto, NIST, TU Darmstadt, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA, ARC Center for Anti-Matter Studies, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia, Tulane University, Gothenburg University, Sweden, University of Wisconsin, NIST, Boulder, Yale U., Petersburg Nuc. Phys. Inst., U.S. Coast Guard Acad., Bridgewater St. C., Yale University, University of Oklahoma, JILA/University of Colorado Boulder, Penn State Physics Dept., Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Texas A\&M University, Princeton University, Department of Physics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk VA 23529, University of Texas at Austin, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, Colrado State University, Colorado State University, University of Michigan, JILA and University of Colorado, Department of Physics and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, JILA, University of Colorado, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Argonne National Lab, Illinois, University of Arizona, Tucson, \"Osterreische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Max Planck-Institute for Quantum Optics, Hans Kopfermann Str.1, D-85748 Garching, Germany, Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics and NIST, College Park MD 20742, USA, College of William and Mary, University of Rochester, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, Max-Born-Institute, Max-Born-Str. 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany, The PULSE Institute for Ultrafast Energy Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Laser Physics Center, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico, Max-Planck Institut fur Physik Komplexer Systeme, Dresden, Germany, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, University of Texas at Dallas, California Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, UC Berkeley, University of Arizona, QUANTOP, Danish Research Foundation Center for Quantum Optics, University of Aarhus, Denmark, ITAMP Harvard-Smithsonian CfA, Vienna University of Technology, Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland and NIST, Atomic Physics Division, NIST, Universitat Innsbruck and Institut fur Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, TU Eindhoven, The Netherlands, University of New Mexico, The University of Tokyo and JST, ERATO, Dept. of Physics, University of Michigan, Dept.of Physics, UWF, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2601, USA, Universite Littoral, Department of Physics, Penn State University, Berks Campus, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Institute of Applied Laser Physics UzAS, Tashkent, 100135, Uzbekistan, Arifov Institute of Electronics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, LBNL, UCLA, California State University Fullerton, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel, Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Queen's University, UK, Auburn University, AL, USA, ALS, LBNL, USA, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janerio, Brazil, UNAM, Mexico, University of Nevada, Reno, USA, ALS, LBNL, Queen's University of Belfast, UK, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, Fu-Jen Catholic U., Taiwan, UC Berkeley, KAIST, Korea, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan., Indian Institute of Technology - Madras, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Lafayette College, Colby College, Inst of Atomic \& Molec Sci, JILA/University of Colorado, University of British Columbia, Coll\`ege de France, Laboratory Kastler-Brossel, ENS, UPMC, CNRS, Carleton College and Columbia University, Oxford University, Rice Quantum Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, ETH Z\"urich, CH, LKB Paris, F, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA, Uni Mainz, D, Joint Quantum Institute, Indiana University, University of Nevada, Reno, Argonne Natl. Lab., Argonne Natl. Lab., U. of Chicago, U. of Kentucky, Argonne Natl. Lab, LBNL, Berkeley Ca., U. of Chicago, Argonne. Natl. Lab., Argonne Natl. Lab, MIT, University of California at Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Bucknell University, Raman Research Institute, Intitute Polytechnique de Grenoble, Universite de Rennes 1 (France), NIST (USA), University of Ulm (Germany), Harvard University Physics Department, Harvard University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-6300, Seoul National University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, MPIPKS Dresden, University of Oxford, UK, Louisiana State University, University of Queensland, Imperial College, Caltech, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0440, USA, University of Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA, Department of Physics, Augustana College, Sioux Falls, SD 57197 USA, University of Pittsburgh, Harvard-Smithsonian CFA, Universitaet Kaiserslautern, Germany, IQC, University of Waterloo, Canada, Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of Florida, The College of the Holy Cross, Duke University, MIT/Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Georiga Institute of Technology, Universidade de S\~{a}o Paulo, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Joint Quantum Institute and Dept. of Physics, Univ. of Maryland, Texas A\&M, Bates College, East Carolina University, Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA-23185, Weizmann Institute of Science, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Columbia University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Keio University, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Korea University, Lehigh University, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Fock Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Physics Division, National Science Foundation, USA, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Austria, Theoretical Division, LANL, USA, Physics Division, NSF, USA, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Austria, EU, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, USA, Department of Applied Physics and Chemistry, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofu-ga-oka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan, NIST Time and Frequency Div., National Institute of Standards and Technology; 325 Broadway; Boulder, CO 80305, Auburn University, UW-Madison, WI U.S.A., ILL, Grenoble France, NIST, Gaithersburg MD U.S.A., FOCUS U-Mich, Ann Arbor MI U.S.A., ISIS, Didcot U.K., UNC Wilmington, NIST and Indiana University, University of Toulouse - UPS, IRSAMC, Toulouse, France, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel - CNRS, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Cornell University, Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138

  • Mikhail Lukin

    Department of Physics, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX-77843, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX-77843, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS II, Rice University, University of Connecticut, Purdue University, Max-Planck-Institute for Quantum Optics, Germany, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Academia Sinica Taiwan, Perimeter Institute of Theoretical Physics, Fort Hays State University, Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, Observatoire de Paris - SYRTE, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Old Dominion University, Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, University of Delaware, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Western Michigan Universtiy, Denison University, Western Michigan University and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Advanced Light Source, LBL, Western Michigan Univ., Department of Physics, Florida A\&M University, Tallahassee, FL-32307, Department of Physics, The University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, Missouri University of Science and Technology, University of Manchester (UK), Harvey Mudd College, Kansas State University, University of New South Wales, Australia, University of Nevada, University of Virginia, Sofia University, Kapteyn-Murnane Laboratories Inc., Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, NSF EUV ERC, The College of William\&Mary, Florida State University, University of Notre Dame, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, University of Maryland and NIST Gaithersburg, Georgia Institute of Technology, Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms and Dept. of Physics, Harvard University, Harvard University, University of Maryland, University of Wisconsin-Madison, National University of Singapore, Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, 07743, Jena, Germany, Max-Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2601, USA, Institute of High Performance Computing, Singapore, Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, Germany, James R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, USA, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0440, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, Washington State University, Van der Waals-Zeeman Instituut, Universiteit van Amsterdam, The Netherlands, University of Nottingham, Theoretische Chemie, University of Heidelberg, Naval Research Laboratory, JILA and the University of Colorado, Boulder, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Austrian Academy of Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, Radboud University Nijmegen, Netherlands, University of Perugia, Italy, Moscow State University, Russia, INFN and CNISM, Physics Department, University of Pisa, Institute of Quantum Physics, Ulm University, Germany, University of Toronto, NIST, TU Darmstadt, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA, ARC Center for Anti-Matter Studies, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia, Tulane University, Gothenburg University, Sweden, University of Wisconsin, NIST, Boulder, Yale U., Petersburg Nuc. Phys. Inst., U.S. Coast Guard Acad., Bridgewater St. C., Yale University, University of Oklahoma, JILA/University of Colorado Boulder, Penn State Physics Dept., Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Texas A\&M University, Princeton University, Department of Physics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk VA 23529, University of Texas at Austin, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, Colrado State University, Colorado State University, University of Michigan, JILA and University of Colorado, Department of Physics and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, JILA, University of Colorado, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Argonne National Lab, Illinois, University of Arizona, Tucson, \"Osterreische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Max Planck-Institute for Quantum Optics, Hans Kopfermann Str.1, D-85748 Garching, Germany, Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics and NIST, College Park MD 20742, USA, College of William and Mary, University of Rochester, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, Max-Born-Institute, Max-Born-Str. 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany, The PULSE Institute for Ultrafast Energy Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Laser Physics Center, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico, Max-Planck Institut fur Physik Komplexer Systeme, Dresden, Germany, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, University of Texas at Dallas, California Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, UC Berkeley, University of Arizona, QUANTOP, Danish Research Foundation Center for Quantum Optics, University of Aarhus, Denmark, ITAMP Harvard-Smithsonian CfA, Vienna University of Technology, Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland and NIST, Atomic Physics Division, NIST, Universitat Innsbruck and Institut fur Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, TU Eindhoven, The Netherlands, University of New Mexico, The University of Tokyo and JST, ERATO, Dept. of Physics, University of Michigan, Dept.of Physics, UWF, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2601, USA, Universite Littoral, Department of Physics, Penn State University, Berks Campus, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Institute of Applied Laser Physics UzAS, Tashkent, 100135, Uzbekistan, Arifov Institute of Electronics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, LBNL, UCLA, California State University Fullerton, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel, Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Queen's University, UK, Auburn University, AL, USA, ALS, LBNL, USA, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janerio, Brazil, UNAM, Mexico, University of Nevada, Reno, USA, ALS, LBNL, Queen's University of Belfast, UK, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, Fu-Jen Catholic U., Taiwan, UC Berkeley, KAIST, Korea, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan., Indian Institute of Technology - Madras, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Lafayette College, Colby College, Inst of Atomic \& Molec Sci, JILA/University of Colorado, University of British Columbia, Coll\`ege de France, Laboratory Kastler-Brossel, ENS, UPMC, CNRS, Carleton College and Columbia University, Oxford University, Rice Quantum Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, ETH Z\"urich, CH, LKB Paris, F, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA, Uni Mainz, D, Joint Quantum Institute, Indiana University, University of Nevada, Reno, Argonne Natl. Lab., Argonne Natl. Lab., U. of Chicago, U. of Kentucky, Argonne Natl. Lab, LBNL, Berkeley Ca., U. of Chicago, Argonne. Natl. Lab., Argonne Natl. Lab, MIT, University of California at Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Bucknell University, Raman Research Institute, Intitute Polytechnique de Grenoble, Universite de Rennes 1 (France), NIST (USA), University of Ulm (Germany), Harvard University Physics Department, Harvard University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-6300, Seoul National University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, MPIPKS Dresden, University of Oxford, UK, Louisiana State University, University of Queensland, Imperial College, Caltech, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0440, USA, University of Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA, Department of Physics, Augustana College, Sioux Falls, SD 57197 USA, University of Pittsburgh, Harvard-Smithsonian CFA, Universitaet Kaiserslautern, Germany, IQC, University of Waterloo, Canada, Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of Florida, The College of the Holy Cross, Duke University, MIT/Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Georiga Institute of Technology, Universidade de S\~{a}o Paulo, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Joint Quantum Institute and Dept. of Physics, Univ. of Maryland, Texas A\&M, Bates College, East Carolina University, Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA-23185, Weizmann Institute of Science, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Columbia University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Keio University, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Korea University, Lehigh University, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Fock Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Physics Division, National Science Foundation, USA, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Austria, Theoretical Division, LANL, USA, Physics Division, NSF, USA, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Austria, EU, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, USA, Department of Applied Physics and Chemistry, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofu-ga-oka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan, NIST Time and Frequency Div., National Institute of Standards and Technology; 325 Broadway; Boulder, CO 80305, Auburn University, UW-Madison, WI U.S.A., ILL, Grenoble France, NIST, Gaithersburg MD U.S.A., FOCUS U-Mich, Ann Arbor MI U.S.A., ISIS, Didcot U.K., UNC Wilmington, NIST and Indiana University, University of Toulouse - UPS, IRSAMC, Toulouse, France, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel - CNRS, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Cornell University, Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138

  • Mikhail Lukin

    Department of Physics, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX-77843, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX-77843, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS II, Rice University, University of Connecticut, Purdue University, Max-Planck-Institute for Quantum Optics, Germany, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Academia Sinica Taiwan, Perimeter Institute of Theoretical Physics, Fort Hays State University, Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, Observatoire de Paris - SYRTE, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Old Dominion University, Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, University of Delaware, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Western Michigan Universtiy, Denison University, Western Michigan University and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Advanced Light Source, LBL, Western Michigan Univ., Department of Physics, Florida A\&M University, Tallahassee, FL-32307, Department of Physics, The University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, Missouri University of Science and Technology, University of Manchester (UK), Harvey Mudd College, Kansas State University, University of New South Wales, Australia, University of Nevada, University of Virginia, Sofia University, Kapteyn-Murnane Laboratories Inc., Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, NSF EUV ERC, The College of William\&Mary, Florida State University, University of Notre Dame, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, University of Maryland and NIST Gaithersburg, Georgia Institute of Technology, Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms and Dept. of Physics, Harvard University, Harvard University, University of Maryland, University of Wisconsin-Madison, National University of Singapore, Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, 07743, Jena, Germany, Max-Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2601, USA, Institute of High Performance Computing, Singapore, Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, Germany, James R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, USA, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0440, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, Washington State University, Van der Waals-Zeeman Instituut, Universiteit van Amsterdam, The Netherlands, University of Nottingham, Theoretische Chemie, University of Heidelberg, Naval Research Laboratory, JILA and the University of Colorado, Boulder, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Austrian Academy of Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, Radboud University Nijmegen, Netherlands, University of Perugia, Italy, Moscow State University, Russia, INFN and CNISM, Physics Department, University of Pisa, Institute of Quantum Physics, Ulm University, Germany, University of Toronto, NIST, TU Darmstadt, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA, ARC Center for Anti-Matter Studies, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia, Tulane University, Gothenburg University, Sweden, University of Wisconsin, NIST, Boulder, Yale U., Petersburg Nuc. Phys. Inst., U.S. Coast Guard Acad., Bridgewater St. C., Yale University, University of Oklahoma, JILA/University of Colorado Boulder, Penn State Physics Dept., Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Texas A\&M University, Princeton University, Department of Physics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk VA 23529, University of Texas at Austin, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, Colrado State University, Colorado State University, University of Michigan, JILA and University of Colorado, Department of Physics and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, JILA, University of Colorado, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Argonne National Lab, Illinois, University of Arizona, Tucson, \"Osterreische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Max Planck-Institute for Quantum Optics, Hans Kopfermann Str.1, D-85748 Garching, Germany, Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics and NIST, College Park MD 20742, USA, College of William and Mary, University of Rochester, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, Max-Born-Institute, Max-Born-Str. 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany, The PULSE Institute for Ultrafast Energy Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Laser Physics Center, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico, Max-Planck Institut fur Physik Komplexer Systeme, Dresden, Germany, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, University of Texas at Dallas, California Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, UC Berkeley, University of Arizona, QUANTOP, Danish Research Foundation Center for Quantum Optics, University of Aarhus, Denmark, ITAMP Harvard-Smithsonian CfA, Vienna University of Technology, Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland and NIST, Atomic Physics Division, NIST, Universitat Innsbruck and Institut fur Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, TU Eindhoven, The Netherlands, University of New Mexico, The University of Tokyo and JST, ERATO, Dept. of Physics, University of Michigan, Dept.of Physics, UWF, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2601, USA, Universite Littoral, Department of Physics, Penn State University, Berks Campus, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Institute of Applied Laser Physics UzAS, Tashkent, 100135, Uzbekistan, Arifov Institute of Electronics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, LBNL, UCLA, California State University Fullerton, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel, Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Queen's University, UK, Auburn University, AL, USA, ALS, LBNL, USA, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janerio, Brazil, UNAM, Mexico, University of Nevada, Reno, USA, ALS, LBNL, Queen's University of Belfast, UK, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, Fu-Jen Catholic U., Taiwan, UC Berkeley, KAIST, Korea, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan., Indian Institute of Technology - Madras, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Lafayette College, Colby College, Inst of Atomic \& Molec Sci, JILA/University of Colorado, University of British Columbia, Coll\`ege de France, Laboratory Kastler-Brossel, ENS, UPMC, CNRS, Carleton College and Columbia University, Oxford University, Rice Quantum Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, ETH Z\"urich, CH, LKB Paris, F, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA, Uni Mainz, D, Joint Quantum Institute, Indiana University, University of Nevada, Reno, Argonne Natl. Lab., Argonne Natl. Lab., U. of Chicago, U. of Kentucky, Argonne Natl. Lab, LBNL, Berkeley Ca., U. of Chicago, Argonne. Natl. Lab., Argonne Natl. Lab, MIT, University of California at Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Bucknell University, Raman Research Institute, Intitute Polytechnique de Grenoble, Universite de Rennes 1 (France), NIST (USA), University of Ulm (Germany), Harvard University Physics Department, Harvard University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-6300, Seoul National University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, MPIPKS Dresden, University of Oxford, UK, Louisiana State University, University of Queensland, Imperial College, Caltech, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0440, USA, University of Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA, Department of Physics, Augustana College, Sioux Falls, SD 57197 USA, University of Pittsburgh, Harvard-Smithsonian CFA, Universitaet Kaiserslautern, Germany, IQC, University of Waterloo, Canada, Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of Florida, The College of the Holy Cross, Duke University, MIT/Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Georiga Institute of Technology, Universidade de S\~{a}o Paulo, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Joint Quantum Institute and Dept. of Physics, Univ. of Maryland, Texas A\&M, Bates College, East Carolina University, Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA-23185, Weizmann Institute of Science, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Columbia University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Keio University, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Korea University, Lehigh University, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Fock Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Physics Division, National Science Foundation, USA, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Austria, Theoretical Division, LANL, USA, Physics Division, NSF, USA, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Austria, EU, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, USA, Department of Applied Physics and Chemistry, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofu-ga-oka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan, NIST Time and Frequency Div., National Institute of Standards and Technology; 325 Broadway; Boulder, CO 80305, Auburn University, UW-Madison, WI U.S.A., ILL, Grenoble France, NIST, Gaithersburg MD U.S.A., FOCUS U-Mich, Ann Arbor MI U.S.A., ISIS, Didcot U.K., UNC Wilmington, NIST and Indiana University, University of Toulouse - UPS, IRSAMC, Toulouse, France, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel - CNRS, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Cornell University, Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138