Optical interfacing single molecules with atomic vapor

ORAL

Abstract

Organic molecules at liquid Helium temperatures can constitute high-brightness and narrow-band single photon sources. Thus, they might form an important building block for quantum information processing. A number of quantum optical experiments were conducted with single photon sources based on single molecules. It was shown that it is possible to spectrally detune the molecules, and optical interaction between several molecules could be shown. Another important ingredient for quantum information processing is the implementation of quantum memory. Atomic vapors do not only allow for slowing down light, but also for its storage and can be used as an efficient quantum memory. In the past it was impossible to utilize the high brightness of single molecules in combination with an efficient quantum memory, since the lack of spectral overlap. Here, we present spectral tuning of a single molecule to match the resonance of the sodium D-line. We reach up to $6\times10^5$ detected $30$~MHz narrow-band single photons per second. We are able to slow down near-resonant photons from a single molecule, and simultaneous show its single photon properties. We are further able to explore the properties of atomic vapor for its use as a narrow-band filter for single molecule studies.

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Authors

  • Petr Siyushev

    3. Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Germany

  • G. Edward Marti

    ITAMP, Washington State University, Western Washington University, The University of Tokyo, University of Waterloo, Institute for Quantum Computing, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Louisiana State University, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Imperial College, University of Queensland, University of Toronto, Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, GSI-Darmstadt, Auburn University, University of Nebraska, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder CO USA, Institut fur Kernphysik, Goethe Universitat, Frankfurt Germany, Centro de Laseres Pulsados Ultracortos Ultraintensos (CLPU), Salamanca Spain, Kansas State University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of Frankfurt, Department of Physics, Auburn University, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, LBNL, Sophia University, CREOL and Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA, University of Central Florida, University of Kansas, Eindhoven, University of Technology, JQI/UMD, ECE/UMD, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, University of Wisconsin, University of Chicago, University of Chicago, ENS Paris, Institut fuer Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Amhearst College, NIST, Boulder, University of Colorado, Boulder, NIST and the University of Maryland, University of Delaware, Harvard University, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Harvard University, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, ITAMP, University of Connecticut, Institute for Quantum Computing and Dept. of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Institute for Quantum Computing and Dept. of Applied Math, University of Waterloo, Nuclear Science and Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics \& Department of Physics Harvard University, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, University of Virginia, University of Tokyo, McGill University Department of Physics, Element Six Ltd., UK, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Institut fuer Experimentalphysik, Universitaet Innsbruck, Austria, Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, University of Washington, Centre d'optique, photonique et laser (COPL), Universit\'e Laval, Kutztown University, College of William and Mary, University of California at Merced, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, MIT, University of Cincinnati, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, NIST, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, School of Physics, Monash University, LaserLaB, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, Laboratoire de Spectrom\'etrie Ionique et Mol\'eculaire, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire de CAEN, University of Mary Washington, Radbboud University Nijmegen, Institut f\"ur Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universit\"at and Helmholtz Institut Mainz, D-55099, Germany, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, U.S.A., Forschungszentrum J\"ulich GmbH, 52425, J\"ulich, Germany, Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada, None, California Institute of Technology, Carleton College, University of California, San Diego, Quenn's University Belfast, Belfast, UK, University of Freiburg, California State University Fullerton, University of Windsor, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Dept. of Chem. Eng and Mat. Sci., UCDavis, Rice University, Vienna University of Technology, Quantum Institute for Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China, SRC, UW-Madison, UW-Eau Claire, Michigan Tech. Univ., UW-Madison, Purdue Univ., Queen's U., Belfast, U. Western Michigan, U. Nevada-Las Vegas, Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Uppsalla U., UPMC and CNRS, Clark Atlanta U., Davidson College, Denison University, Institute of Physics, Belgrade, UNLV, Jain University, Bangalore, Georgia State University, Sandia National Lab, The Ohio State University, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi and Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India, School of Physical Sciences and NCPST, Dublin City University, Ireland, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, India, Element Six Ltd, Harvard University Department of Physics, University of Stuttgart, Principle Investigator, Senior Post Doctoral Fellow, Post Doctoral Fellow, Graduate Student, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland and NIST, Department of Physics, American University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland and National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Toronto (ON), Canada, Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, USA, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, UK, UCSB, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Dept. of Physics, University of Toronto, Dept. of Physics, College of William and Mary, Middlebury College, Durham University, Imperial College London, University of California, Berkeley, Univ. of Vienna, Tel Aviv University, Palacky University, University of Vienna VCQ, Austria, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany, College of the Holy Cross, Duke University, Raytheon Company, Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Univ of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20742, Ga Tech Research Institute, Honeywell International, Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, Technische Universit\"{a}t Berlin, Antarctic Support Contract, Lockheed Martin, LNE-SYRTE, CNRS, UPMC, Observatoire de Paris, 61 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France, PNPI and LETI, University of Nevada in Reno, East China Normal University, University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Temple University, Emory University, Penn State University, University of Nevada Las Vegas, University of Georgia, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, University of California at Berkeley, UC Berkeley, California State University--East Bay, Physics Department - Technion, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University of Hanover, Northwestern University, ISMO, University of Paris-Sud (CNRS), Orsay, France, Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and University of Maryland, Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, 85748 Garching, Germany, JILA, Univeristy of Colorado at Boulder, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS, Universit\'e Paris-Sud 11, Weizmann Institute of Science, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\'a di Trento and INO-CNR BEC Center, 38123 Povo, Italy, Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation (IQOQI), \"Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, USA, JQI, Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique, Palaiseau, France, University of Pittsburgh, University of Innsbruck, and Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Innsbruck, Institut fuer Theoretische Physik, Universitaet Innsbruck, Austria, Departamento de Fisica Teorica I, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain, Sandia National Labs, University of New Mexico, Bergische Universit\"at Wuppertal, Germany, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Technische Universit\"at Kaiserslautern, Department of Physics, Yeshiva University, ITAMP and Harvard University, University of Connecticut, George Mason University, University of Hamburg, University of Hyogo, YITP, RIKEN, Geogia Tech., Tokyo University of Science, JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA, Argonne National Laboratory, Institut fuer Kernphysik Universitaet Frankfurt, East China Normal University, Shanghai, Los Alamos National Laboratory, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, Stanford University, JILA, University of CO, Boulder, JILA / University of Colorado, Columbia University, Simon Fraser University, JILA/NIST Boulder, NIST Boulder, JQI, U. Maryland, Goettingen, University of Illinois, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Clark Atlanta University, Drake University, Illinois Wesleyan University, Lehigh University, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, University of Nevada, Reno, University of Kaiserslautern, University of Bonn, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Hamburg, Germany, Institut fuer Kernphysik, Universitaet Frankfurt, Physics Department, East China Normal University, University of Delaware, Newark Delaware 19716, USA, Department f\"ur Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\"at M\"unchen, M\"unchen, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA, Department of Physics, Augustana College, Sioux Falls, SD 57197 USA, UF, KSU, MPIK, Univ. Frankfurt (UF), University of Gothenburg, Sweden, Denison University, Granville, OH, Purdue University, Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk, RUSSIA, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Institute of Laser Physics, University of Hamburg, Germany, Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Switzerland, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, University of Oklahoma, Indian Institute of Sciences, Georgetown University, Fakult\"at f\"ur Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\"at M\"unchen, 80799 M\"unchen, Germany \& Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, 85748, University of Strathclyde, Department of Physics, SUPA, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom, Max-Planck-Institut f{\"u}r Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany, Bates College, Max-Planck Institute for Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany, Department of Physics, Harvard University, USA, Fakultaet fuer Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Munich, Germany, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, Washington State University and ITAMP, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, TU Kaiserslautern, Germany, Instituto de Optica-CSIC, ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, St. Norbert College, University of Colorado, JILA, Yale University, University of Wisconsin - Madison, US Army Research Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, ETH Zurich, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Amherst College, Sandia National Laboratory, JQI/NIST/UMD, JQI/UMD/Institut d'Optique, JQI, Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Instituto de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada, U. Manitoba, Texas A\&M, U. British Columbia, TRIUMF, University of North Texas, York University, Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia, Department of Quantum Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, CQuIC, University of New Mexico, CQuIC, University of Arizona, Center for Gravitation and Cosmology, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, California State University, Fullerton, Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunications, AGH University of Science and Technology/Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian Universit, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley/Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Department of Physics, California State University-East Bay, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria/Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Argonne National Lab, University of Kentucky, University of Connecticut Department of Physics, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, ICFO-Institut de Ci\`encies Fot\`oniques, Castelldefels, Max-Planck-Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Institute of Laser Physics, University of Hamburg, James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Joint Quantum Institute, Zentrum fur Optische Quantentechnologien - Uni Hamburg, University of British Columbia, Center for Optics, Photonics and Laser (COPL), Laval University, Department of Physics, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada, University of Maryland, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, University of Manitoba, University of Manitoba / TRIUMF, ITAMP/Harvard, 5. Physikalisches Institut, University of Stuttgart, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser - FORTH, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t, 80799 M\"unchen \& Max-Planck-Institut f{\"u}r Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, University of Strathclyde, SUPA, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK, Max-Planck-Institut f{\"u}r Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Max-Planck-Institut f{\"u}r Physik komplexer Systeme, 01187 Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Centre for Atom Optics and Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Swinburne University of Technology, Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Barcelona, Spain, Max-Planck-Institut fuer Physik komplexer Systeme, Dresden, Germany, Institut fuer Laserphysik, University Hamburg, Germany, Heriot-Watt University, Leibniz Universit\"at, Germany, Vilnius University, Lithuania, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, University of Maryland, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Cambridge, Laboratoire Kastler-Brossel, ENS/UPMC-Paris 6/CNRS, Menlo Systems GmbH, Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Centre de Physique Theorique, Universite de Sherbrooke, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, SUNY Stony Brook, Temple University, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin f\"ur Materialien und Energie, D-14109, Berlin, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Science, University of California, Jack Dodd Centre for Quantum Technology, Department of Physics, University of Otago, Otago, New-Zealand, Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, United-Kingdom, Department of Physics, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan, Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United-Kingdom, Harvard, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Bar Ilan University, T.U.Wien, LPTMS Orsay, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Western Michigan University, Physics Department, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5252, USA, Tafila Technical University, Physics Department, P. O. Box 179, Zip Code 66110. Tafila, Jordan, Cornell University, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik, Heidelberg, UC Berkeley Physics Department, Laser Physics Centre, RSPE, Australian National University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, USA, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, USA, St. Petersburg State University, Russia, IIT-Mandi, IIT-Madras, Northwest Missouri State University, Helsinki University of Technology, DESY, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory (JRML), Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, KMLabs, Inc., Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA, Max-Planck-Institut f\"{u}r Quantenoptik, D-85748 Garching, Germany, JRML, National University of Singapore, Colby College, JILA, University of Colorado, University of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, CU-Boulder, Aachen, Innsbruck, Laboratoire Aime Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, Instituto de f\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 67 No 53-108, AA 1226, Medell\'in, Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Antonio Nari\~no, Carrera 3 Este No 47A-15, Bogot\'a, Colombia, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Department of Physics, Center for Ultra-Cold Atoms and Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT, Department of Physics, Harvard University; Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Russia, ITAMP, Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Harvard University; Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Department of Physics, Harvard University; Department of Physics, Center for Ultra-Cold Atoms and Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT, Harvard Physics Department, Dept of Physics, Harvard University, Institute of Computational Technologies SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia, The Open University, Walton Hall, MK7 6AA, Milton Keynes, UK, A.V.Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia, Huazhong Normal University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Element Six Ltd, UK, Russian Quantum Center, University of California - Berkeley, IAMS and Catholic Fu-Jen University, IAMS and National Taiwan University, University of Innsbruck, University of California, Los Angeles, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\"at M\"unchen, Germany, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany, King Saud University, Physics Department, University of Arizona, College of Optics, University of Arizona, The University of Chicago, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado at Boulder, Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA, Colorado State University, Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 USA, Department of Physics, the University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, 75080 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado (Boulder), Joint Quantum Centre (JQC), Durham-Newcastle, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, UK, JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, University of Wisconsin Madison, NIST Gaithersburg, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder CO, USA, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany, Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., Cambridge MA, USA, Laboratory of Physical Sciences, College Park, MD, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, Laboratory of Physical Sciences and University of Maryland, College Park, MD, National Tsing Hua University, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, National Cheng Kung University, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Department of Physics at National Chen Kung University, Max Planck Insitute of Quantum Optics, 3. Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Germany and Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany, 3. Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Germany

  • G. Edward Marti

    ITAMP, Washington State University, Western Washington University, The University of Tokyo, University of Waterloo, Institute for Quantum Computing, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Louisiana State University, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Imperial College, University of Queensland, University of Toronto, Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, GSI-Darmstadt, Auburn University, University of Nebraska, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder CO USA, Institut fur Kernphysik, Goethe Universitat, Frankfurt Germany, Centro de Laseres Pulsados Ultracortos Ultraintensos (CLPU), Salamanca Spain, Kansas State University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of Frankfurt, Department of Physics, Auburn University, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, LBNL, Sophia University, CREOL and Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA, University of Central Florida, University of Kansas, Eindhoven, University of Technology, JQI/UMD, ECE/UMD, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, University of Wisconsin, University of Chicago, University of Chicago, ENS Paris, Institut fuer Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Amhearst College, NIST, Boulder, University of Colorado, Boulder, NIST and the University of Maryland, University of Delaware, Harvard University, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Harvard University, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, ITAMP, University of Connecticut, Institute for Quantum Computing and Dept. of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Institute for Quantum Computing and Dept. of Applied Math, University of Waterloo, Nuclear Science and Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics \& Department of Physics Harvard University, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, University of Virginia, University of Tokyo, McGill University Department of Physics, Element Six Ltd., UK, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Institut fuer Experimentalphysik, Universitaet Innsbruck, Austria, Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, University of Washington, Centre d'optique, photonique et laser (COPL), Universit\'e Laval, Kutztown University, College of William and Mary, University of California at Merced, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, MIT, University of Cincinnati, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, NIST, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, School of Physics, Monash University, LaserLaB, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, Laboratoire de Spectrom\'etrie Ionique et Mol\'eculaire, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire de CAEN, University of Mary Washington, Radbboud University Nijmegen, Institut f\"ur Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universit\"at and Helmholtz Institut Mainz, D-55099, Germany, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, U.S.A., Forschungszentrum J\"ulich GmbH, 52425, J\"ulich, Germany, Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada, None, California Institute of Technology, Carleton College, University of California, San Diego, Quenn's University Belfast, Belfast, UK, University of Freiburg, California State University Fullerton, University of Windsor, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Dept. of Chem. Eng and Mat. Sci., UCDavis, Rice University, Vienna University of Technology, Quantum Institute for Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China, SRC, UW-Madison, UW-Eau Claire, Michigan Tech. Univ., UW-Madison, Purdue Univ., Queen's U., Belfast, U. Western Michigan, U. Nevada-Las Vegas, Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Uppsalla U., UPMC and CNRS, Clark Atlanta U., Davidson College, Denison University, Institute of Physics, Belgrade, UNLV, Jain University, Bangalore, Georgia State University, Sandia National Lab, The Ohio State University, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi and Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India, School of Physical Sciences and NCPST, Dublin City University, Ireland, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, India, Element Six Ltd, Harvard University Department of Physics, University of Stuttgart, Principle Investigator, Senior Post Doctoral Fellow, Post Doctoral Fellow, Graduate Student, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland and NIST, Department of Physics, American University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland and National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Toronto (ON), Canada, Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, USA, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, UK, UCSB, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Dept. of Physics, University of Toronto, Dept. of Physics, College of William and Mary, Middlebury College, Durham University, Imperial College London, University of California, Berkeley, Univ. of Vienna, Tel Aviv University, Palacky University, University of Vienna VCQ, Austria, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany, College of the Holy Cross, Duke University, Raytheon Company, Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Univ of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20742, Ga Tech Research Institute, Honeywell International, Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, Technische Universit\"{a}t Berlin, Antarctic Support Contract, Lockheed Martin, LNE-SYRTE, CNRS, UPMC, Observatoire de Paris, 61 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France, PNPI and LETI, University of Nevada in Reno, East China Normal University, University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Temple University, Emory University, Penn State University, University of Nevada Las Vegas, University of Georgia, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, University of California at Berkeley, UC Berkeley, California State University--East Bay, Physics Department - Technion, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University of Hanover, Northwestern University, ISMO, University of Paris-Sud (CNRS), Orsay, France, Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and University of Maryland, Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, 85748 Garching, Germany, JILA, Univeristy of Colorado at Boulder, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS, Universit\'e Paris-Sud 11, Weizmann Institute of Science, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\'a di Trento and INO-CNR BEC Center, 38123 Povo, Italy, Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation (IQOQI), \"Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, USA, JQI, Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique, Palaiseau, France, University of Pittsburgh, University of Innsbruck, and Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Innsbruck, Institut fuer Theoretische Physik, Universitaet Innsbruck, Austria, Departamento de Fisica Teorica I, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain, Sandia National Labs, University of New Mexico, Bergische Universit\"at Wuppertal, Germany, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Technische Universit\"at Kaiserslautern, Department of Physics, Yeshiva University, ITAMP and Harvard University, University of Connecticut, George Mason University, University of Hamburg, University of Hyogo, YITP, RIKEN, Geogia Tech., Tokyo University of Science, JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA, Argonne National Laboratory, Institut fuer Kernphysik Universitaet Frankfurt, East China Normal University, Shanghai, Los Alamos National Laboratory, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, Stanford University, JILA, University of CO, Boulder, JILA / University of Colorado, Columbia University, Simon Fraser University, JILA/NIST Boulder, NIST Boulder, JQI, U. Maryland, Goettingen, University of Illinois, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Clark Atlanta University, Drake University, Illinois Wesleyan University, Lehigh University, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, University of Nevada, Reno, University of Kaiserslautern, University of Bonn, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Hamburg, Germany, Institut fuer Kernphysik, Universitaet Frankfurt, Physics Department, East China Normal University, University of Delaware, Newark Delaware 19716, USA, Department f\"ur Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\"at M\"unchen, M\"unchen, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA, Department of Physics, Augustana College, Sioux Falls, SD 57197 USA, UF, KSU, MPIK, Univ. Frankfurt (UF), University of Gothenburg, Sweden, Denison University, Granville, OH, Purdue University, Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk, RUSSIA, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Institute of Laser Physics, University of Hamburg, Germany, Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Switzerland, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, University of Oklahoma, Indian Institute of Sciences, Georgetown University, Fakult\"at f\"ur Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\"at M\"unchen, 80799 M\"unchen, Germany \& Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, 85748, University of Strathclyde, Department of Physics, SUPA, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom, Max-Planck-Institut f{\"u}r Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany, Bates College, Max-Planck Institute for Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany, Department of Physics, Harvard University, USA, Fakultaet fuer Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Munich, Germany, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, Washington State University and ITAMP, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, TU Kaiserslautern, Germany, Instituto de Optica-CSIC, ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, St. Norbert College, University of Colorado, JILA, Yale University, University of Wisconsin - Madison, US Army Research Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, ETH Zurich, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Amherst College, Sandia National Laboratory, JQI/NIST/UMD, JQI/UMD/Institut d'Optique, JQI, Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Instituto de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada, U. Manitoba, Texas A\&M, U. British Columbia, TRIUMF, University of North Texas, York University, Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia, Department of Quantum Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, CQuIC, University of New Mexico, CQuIC, University of Arizona, Center for Gravitation and Cosmology, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, California State University, Fullerton, Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunications, AGH University of Science and Technology/Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian Universit, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley/Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Department of Physics, California State University-East Bay, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria/Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Argonne National Lab, University of Kentucky, University of Connecticut Department of Physics, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, ICFO-Institut de Ci\`encies Fot\`oniques, Castelldefels, Max-Planck-Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Institute of Laser Physics, University of Hamburg, James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Joint Quantum Institute, Zentrum fur Optische Quantentechnologien - Uni Hamburg, University of British Columbia, Center for Optics, Photonics and Laser (COPL), Laval University, Department of Physics, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada, University of Maryland, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, University of Manitoba, University of Manitoba / TRIUMF, ITAMP/Harvard, 5. Physikalisches Institut, University of Stuttgart, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser - FORTH, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t, 80799 M\"unchen \& Max-Planck-Institut f{\"u}r Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, University of Strathclyde, SUPA, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK, Max-Planck-Institut f{\"u}r Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Max-Planck-Institut f{\"u}r Physik komplexer Systeme, 01187 Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Centre for Atom Optics and Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Swinburne University of Technology, Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Barcelona, Spain, Max-Planck-Institut fuer Physik komplexer Systeme, Dresden, Germany, Institut fuer Laserphysik, University Hamburg, Germany, Heriot-Watt University, Leibniz Universit\"at, Germany, Vilnius University, Lithuania, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, University of Maryland, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Cambridge, Laboratoire Kastler-Brossel, ENS/UPMC-Paris 6/CNRS, Menlo Systems GmbH, Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Centre de Physique Theorique, Universite de Sherbrooke, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, SUNY Stony Brook, Temple University, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin f\"ur Materialien und Energie, D-14109, Berlin, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Science, University of California, Jack Dodd Centre for Quantum Technology, Department of Physics, University of Otago, Otago, New-Zealand, Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, United-Kingdom, Department of Physics, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan, Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United-Kingdom, Harvard, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Bar Ilan University, T.U.Wien, LPTMS Orsay, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Western Michigan University, Physics Department, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5252, USA, Tafila Technical University, Physics Department, P. O. Box 179, Zip Code 66110. Tafila, Jordan, Cornell University, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik, Heidelberg, UC Berkeley Physics Department, Laser Physics Centre, RSPE, Australian National University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A\&M University, Department of Physics, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, USA, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, USA, St. Petersburg State University, Russia, IIT-Mandi, IIT-Madras, Northwest Missouri State University, Helsinki University of Technology, DESY, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory (JRML), Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, KMLabs, Inc., Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA, Max-Planck-Institut f\"{u}r Quantenoptik, D-85748 Garching, Germany, JRML, National University of Singapore, Colby College, JILA, University of Colorado, University of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, CU-Boulder, Aachen, Innsbruck, Laboratoire Aime Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, Instituto de f\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 67 No 53-108, AA 1226, Medell\'in, Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Antonio Nari\~no, Carrera 3 Este No 47A-15, Bogot\'a, Colombia, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Department of Physics, Center for Ultra-Cold Atoms and Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT, Department of Physics, Harvard University; Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Russia, ITAMP, Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Harvard University; Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Department of Physics, Harvard University; Department of Physics, Center for Ultra-Cold Atoms and Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT, Harvard Physics Department, Dept of Physics, Harvard University, Institute of Computational Technologies SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia, The Open University, Walton Hall, MK7 6AA, Milton Keynes, UK, A.V.Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia, Huazhong Normal University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Element Six Ltd, UK, Russian Quantum Center, University of California - Berkeley, IAMS and Catholic Fu-Jen University, IAMS and National Taiwan University, University of Innsbruck, University of California, Los Angeles, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\"at M\"unchen, Germany, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany, King Saud University, Physics Department, University of Arizona, College of Optics, University of Arizona, The University of Chicago, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado at Boulder, Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA, Colorado State University, Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 USA, Department of Physics, the University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, 75080 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado (Boulder), Joint Quantum Centre (JQC), Durham-Newcastle, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, UK, JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, University of Wisconsin Madison, NIST Gaithersburg, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder CO, USA, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany, Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., Cambridge MA, USA, Laboratory of Physical Sciences, College Park, MD, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, Laboratory of Physical Sciences and University of Maryland, College Park, MD, National Tsing Hua University, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, National Cheng Kung University, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Department of Physics at National Chen Kung University, Max Planck Insitute of Quantum Optics, 3. Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Germany and Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany, 3. Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Germany

  • Ilja Gerhardt

    3. Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Germany and Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany