Poster Session II (4:00 pm - 6:00 pm)

Presentations

• LASER COOLING AND TRAPPING

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• Nondestructive Phase Shifting Imaging of Cold Atoms

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Chih-Chieh Lin

    National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan

  • Ying-Hsian Wang

    National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan

  • Hung-Shiue Chen

    National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan

  • Po-Jui Tseng

    National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan

  • Z.X. Fan

    National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan

  • Dian-Jiun Han

    National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan

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• A low-cost, tunable laser lock without laser frequency modulation

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Margaret E. Shea

    Duke University

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - 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Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. 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• Measurements of the Velocity Dependence of the ARP Force

  POSTER

  Authors

  • John Elgin

    Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  View abstract →

• Toward a cold hybrid-trap measurement of charge-exchange between Na and Ca$^+$: Na excited state fraction

  POSTER

  Authors

  • James E. Wells

    University of Connecticut

  • Douglas S. Goodman

    University of Connecticut

  • Jonathan M. Kwolek

    University of Connecticut

  • Reinhold Blumel

    Wesleyan University

  • Frank A. Narducci

    Naval Air Systems Command

  • Winthrop W. Smith

    University of Connecticut

  View abstract →

• Towards Laser Cooling Trapped Ions with Telecom Light

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Kristina Dungan

    Denison University

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. 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R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. 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  View abstract →

• All optical production of a large BEC of $^{87}$Rb in two compressible crossed dipole force traps

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Kazuya Yamashita

    Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  View abstract →

• Mechanical and electronic energy eigenstates of neutral Rb atoms in deep optical lattices

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Andreas Neuzner

    Max-Planck-Institute for quantum optics, Max-Planck-Institute for quantum optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching

  • Matthias Koerber

    Max-Planck-Institute for quantum optics, Max-Planck-Institute for quantum optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching

  • Olivier Morin

    Max-Planck-Institute for quantum optics, Max-Planck-Institute for quantum optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching

  • Stephan Ritter

    Max-Planck-Institute for quantum optics, Max-Planck-Institute for quantum optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching

  • Gerhard Rempe

    Max-Planck-Institute for quantum optics, Max-Planck-Institute for quantum optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Max-Planck-Institute for Quantum Optics

  View abstract →

• Laser Cooling Without Spontaneous Emission Using the Bichromatic Force

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Christopher Corder

    Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800

  • Brian Arnold

    Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800

  • Xiang Hua

    Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800

  • Harold Metcalf

    Stony Brook University, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800

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• Progress toward $^{174}$Yb BEC realization for Quantum Simulation

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Jongchul Mun

    KRISS

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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    Duquesne University

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Timothy Ireland

    Duquesne University

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• Laser cooling and trapping with optical frequency combs

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  Authors

  • Xueping Long

    Univ of California - Los Angeles

  • Andrew Jayich

    Univ of California - Los Angeles

  • Anthony Ransford

    UCLA, Univ of California - Los Angeles

  • Anna Wang

    Univ of California - Los Angeles

  • Wesley Campbell

    Univ of California - Los Angeles

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• Fast Acting Optical Forces From Far Detuned, High Intensity Light

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  • Christopher Corder

    Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800

  • Brian Arnold

    Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800

  • Xiang Hua

    Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800

  • Harold Metcalf

    Stony Brook University, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800

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• Trapping and dynamics of levitated ice particles at low pressures

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  • Nicholas Kowalski

    James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute, Department of Physics, University of Chicago

  • Bernard Xie

    James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute, Department of Physics, University of Chicago

  • Colin Parker

    James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute, Department of Physics, University of Chicago, University of Chicago

  • Cheng Chin

    James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute, Department of Physics, University of Chicago

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• Enhanced Magnetic Trap Loading and Coupled Optical Resonance Spectroscopy in Strontium

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  • Daniel S. Barker

    JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. 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• Compact, On-chip, Integrated three dimensional Lattice

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    Department of Electrical, Energy, and Computer Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, and JILA

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    ColdQuanta Inc., Coldquanta, Inc.

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    JILA, NIST, and Deptartment of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA and NIST, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, and NIST

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• Laser cooling of nuclear spin 0 alkali $^{78}$Rb

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    TRIUMF

  • A. Gorelov

    TRIUMF

  • M. Anholm

    University of Manitoba

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• Loading an Rb-87 MOT directly into a variable-period accordion lattice

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    Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania

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• Radiation Force induced Liquid Flow within a Homogeneous Medium

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    Yonsei Univ

  • Boram Joo

    Yonsei Univ

  • Jeong Jisung

    Yonsei Univ

  • Kyunghwan Oh

    Yonsei Univ

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• Local-field corrections in a Doppler-broadened gas

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  • Yi Li

    University of Connecticut

  • Juha Javanainen

    University of Connecticut, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs

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• QUANTUM PHASES AND ATOMS IN OPTICAL LATTICES

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• Floquet Edge States with Ultracold Atoms

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    Cornell University

  • Erich Mueller

    Cornell University

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• Equilibrium phases of two-dimensional bosons in quasi-periodic lattices

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    Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA

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    JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, JILA , NIST and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA

  • Barbara Capogrosso-Sansone

    H. L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA, Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA

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• Phase diagram of p-orbital attractive fermions in a two-dimensional optical lattice

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  • Theja De Silva

    Georgia Regents University

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• Double occupancies and compressibility in a disordered Mott insulator

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  Authors

  • Philip Russ

    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. 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R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. 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Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. 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R. 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  View abstract →

• Roton-maxon excitation spectrum of Bose condensates in a shaken optical lattice

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Li-Chung Ha

    The University of Chicago

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - 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Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - 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M. 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  View abstract →

• A novel experiment for coupling a Bose-Einstein condensate with two crossed cavity modes

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Julian Leonard

    ETH Z\"urich

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA

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    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA

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    Department of Physics, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, USA

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    Princeton University

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    Princeton University

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    Princeton University

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    Princeton University

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    Princeton University

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    ColdQuanta Inc., Coldquanta, Inc.

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    ColdQuanta Inc.

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    Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, and Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder

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    JILA, NIST, and Deptartment of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA and NIST, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, and NIST

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    Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania State Univ

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    Pennsylvania State University

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    The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania State University

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    University of Strathclyde

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - 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Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. 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Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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• A Quantum Gas Microscope for Ultracold Fermions

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  Authors

  • Matthew Nichols

    MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

  • Lawrence Cheuk

    MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

  • Melih Okan

    MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

  • Thomas Lompe

    MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

  • Martin Zwierlein

    Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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• LONG-RANGE OR ANISOTROPIC INTERACTIONS IN COLD GASES

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• Strongly-coupled high-$n$ Rydberg atom pairs

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Shuhei Yoshida

    Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology

  • Joachim Burgd\"{o}rfer

    Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology

  • Xinyue Zhang

    Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University

  • F. Barry Dunning

    Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Rice University, Rice Univ

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• Quantum simulation of magnetic kinks with dipolar lattice gases

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Lushuai Cao

    Hamburg University, Zentrum f\"{u}r Optische Quantentechnologien, Universit\"{a}t Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany

  • Xiangguo Yin

    Hamburg University

  • Peter Schmelcher

    Centre for Optical Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg University, Zentrum f\"{u}r Optische Quantentechnologien, Universit\"{a}t Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany

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• Stability spectroscopy: recurring roton signatures in a dipolar-BEC phase diagram

  POSTER

  Authors

  • John Corson

    JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and the University of Colorado

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. 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• Measurement and simulation of scattering properties of dysprosium

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Yijun Tang

    Stanford University

  • Nathaniel Burdick

    Stanford University

  • Benjamin Lev

    Stanford University

  • Andrew Sykesy

    JILA; NIST; University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA; NIST: U. of Colorado, Boulder

  • John Bohn

    JILA; NIST; University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA; NIST: U. of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and the University of Colorado

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• SYNTHETIC GUAGE FIELDS AND SPIN-ORBIT COUPLING IN COLD GASES

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• Synthetic gauge fields and many-body physics in an optical lattice clock

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Andrew P. Koller

    JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder

  • Michael Wall

    JILA, NIST and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, JILA

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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• Progress towards a rapidly rotating ultracold Fermi gas

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  Authors

  • Ming-Guang Hu

    JILA, CU-Boulder and NIST

  • Michael Van de Graaff

    JILA, CU-Boulder and NIST

  • Eric Cornell

    JILA/University of Colorado-Boulder, JILA, CU-Boulder and NIST

  • Deborah Jin

    NIST and the University of Colorado and JILA, JILA, CU-Boulder and NIST

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• Search for Efimov trimers in ultracold atomic mixtures in the presence of spin-orbit coupling

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  Authors

  • Su-Ju Wang

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University

  • Huili Han

    Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

  • Jesus Perez-Rios

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University

  • Chris H. Greene

    Purdue University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, Purdue Uniersity, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2036, Purdue Univ

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• Probing microscopic structure and braid statistics in rotating Bose gases

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  Authors

  • Jianshi Zhao

    The Pennsylvania State University

  • Louis Jacome

    The Pennsylvania State University

  • Nathan Gemelke

    The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania State University

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• BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATES

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• A versatile apparatus for the production of degenerate Ytterbium gases

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Yueyang Zou

    The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Gyu-Boong Jo

    The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

  View abstract →

• Experimental apparatus to study cold collisions in sodium spinor Bose-Einstein condensates

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Delaram Nematollahi

    University of Oklahoma

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Hyoyeon Lee

    University of Oklahoma

  • Qimin Zhang

    University of Oklahoma

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. 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Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. 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• Experimental Progress in a $^6$Li-$^{133}$Cs Atomic Mixture

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Lei Feng

    The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. 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• Spinor Bose-Einstein condensates subject to time-dependent microwave dressing: Coherent states vs. Fock states

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Aaron Foster

    University of Oklahoma

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - 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Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. 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• Towards generating synthetic gauge potentials for a Bose-Einstein condensate in a toroidal trap

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Pan-pan Huang

    Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - 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Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Pan-pan Huang

    Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica

  View abstract →

• Rapid Manipulation of Bose-Einstein Condensates using Shortcuts to Adiabaticity

  POSTER

  Authors

  • E. Carlo Samson

    Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. 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Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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• Investigation of quantum chaos using the quantum fidelity in delta-kicked rotor

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Siamak Dadras

    Oklahoma State University, Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078-3072

  • Jiating Ni

    Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078-3072

  • Wakun Lam

    Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078-3072

  • Sandro Wimberger

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Science della Terra, Universit\`a di Parma, Via G.P. Usberti 7/a, 43124 Parma, Italy

  • Gil Summy

    Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078-3072

  View abstract →

• Behavior of a new type quantum accelerator mode in phase-modulated optical potential

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Wakun Lam

    Oklahoma State University

  • Sandro Wimberger

    Institut f\"ur Theoretische Physik, Universit\"at Heidelberg

  • Siamak Dadras

    Oklahoma State University, Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078-3072

  • Jiating Ni

    Oklahoma State University

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. 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Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. 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• Incorporating exact two-body propagators for zero-range interactions into $N$-body Monte Carlo simulations

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Yangqian Yan

    Washington State University

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. 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• Isolated Monopoles in a Spinor Bose-Einstein Condensate

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Michael Ray

    Union College

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. 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• Excitation spectrum of Bose-Einstein Condensates with modified dispersion

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Maren Mossman

    Washington State University

  • M.A. Khamehchi

    Washington State University

  • Peter Engels

    Washington State University

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• Magneto-association near an atom-dimer resonance

  POSTER

  Authors

  • D. Luo

    Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005

  • Jason H.V. Nguyen

    Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005

  • Randy Hulet

    Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, Rice University

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• Diffuse light scattering from a dense and cold microscopic $^{87}$Rb sample

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Kasie Kemp

    Old Dominion University

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • M.D. Havey

    Old Dominion University

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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• ATOM INTERFEROMETERS

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• Development of an atomic gravimeter based on atom interferometer

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Taeg Yong Kwon

    Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science

  • Sang-Bum Lee

    Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science

  • Sang Eon Park

    Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science

  • Myoung-Sun Heo

    Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science

  • Hyun-Gue Hong

    Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science

  • Chang Yong Park

    Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science

  • Won-Kyu Lee

    Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science

  • Dai-Hyuk Yu

    Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science

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• Atom Interferometer Technologies in Space for Gravity Mapping and Gravity Science

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Jason Williams

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology

  • Sheng-wey Chiow

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology

  • James Kellogg

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology

  • James Kohel

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology

  • Nan Yu

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology

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• Planned Efficiency Measurements of STIRAP

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Vladislav Zakharov

    Stony Brook University

  • Casey McKenna

    Stony Brook University

  • Deqian Yuan

    Stony Brook University

  • Jessica Gasparik

    Stony Brook University

  • Harold Metcalf

    Stony Brook University, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800

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• Cold Atom Gravity Gradiometer for Geodesy

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Alex Sugarbaker

    AOSense, Inc.

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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• Synthetic Rotation of a Bose-Einstein Condensate

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Michael Bromley

    School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Australia, The University of Queensland, Australia

  • Mark Baker

    The University of Queensland, Australia

  • Thomas Bell

    The University of Queensland, Australia

  • Jake Glidden

    The University of Queensland, Australia

  • Bryce Henson

    The University of Queensland, Australia

  • Simon Haine

    The University of Queensland, Australia

  • Tyler Neely

    The University of Queensland, Australia

  • Nicholas McKay Parry

    The University of Queensland, Australia

  • Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop

    The University of Queensland, Australia

  • Matthew Davis

    The University of Queensland, Australia

  • Marty Kandes

    San Diego State University, U. S. A.

  • Ricardo Carretero-Gonzalez

    San Diego State University, U. S. A.

  View abstract →

• FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS AND TESTS OF BASIC LAWS

  View abstract →

• Progress toward a search for a coupling of the proton spin to gravity

  POSTER

  Authors

  • D.F. Jackson Kimball

    Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, California State University - East Bay

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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    Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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    Stony Brook University

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    Stony Brook University

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    State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Stony Brook University

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    Stony Brook University

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    Stony Brook University

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    Stony Brook University

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    Stony Brook University

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    Stony Brook University

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    National Taiwan Univ., Taiwan; Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Taiwan

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    Univ of Arkansas-Fayetteville

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    University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, University of Illinois - Urbana

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. 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Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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• Entropy Transfer of Quantum Gravity Information Processing

  ORAL

  Authors

  • Laszlo Gyongyosi

    Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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    University of Oklahoma

  • Santosh Kumar

    University of Oklahoma, Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma

  • William Whiteneck

    University of Oklahoma

  • Jonathon Sedlacek

    University of Oklahoma

  • James Shaffer

    University of Oklahoma, Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma

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    Fudan University

  • Weizhi Qu

    Fudan University

  • Pengxiong Li

    Fudan University

  • Han Bao

    Fudan University

  • Yanhong Xiao

    Fudan Univ, Fudan University

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    National Laser Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa

  • Pieter du Toit

    National Laser Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa

  • Shaun Burd

    Department of Physics, Colorado University, Boulder, Colorado, USA

  • Thomas Konrad

    School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa

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    Lewis \& Clark College

  • Aojie Zheng

    Lewis \& Clark College

  • Michael Crescimanno

    Youngstown State University

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    UCLA

  • Anthony Ransford

    UCLA, Univ of California - Los Angeles

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    University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA

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    MIT

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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• Quantum Interference in Field Ionization of Rydberg Atoms

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Rachel Feynman

    Bryn Mawr College

  • Jacob Hollingsworth

    Ursinus College

  • Michael Vennittilli

    Ursinus College

  • Tamas Budner

    Ursinus College

  • Ryan Zmiewski

    Ursinus College

  • Donald P. Fahey

    University of Maryland

  • Thomas J. Carroll

    Ursinus College

  • Michael W. Noel

    Bryn Mawr College

  View abstract →

• Super-resolution high sensitivity AC Magnetic Field Imaging with NV Centers in Diamond

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Erik Bauch

    Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  View abstract →

• Fourier magnetic imaging with nanoscale resolution and compressed sensing speed-up using electronic spins in diamond

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Keigo Arai

    Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. 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• Low Temperature Symmetric Dynamical Decoupling in NV Centers

  POSTER

  Authors

  • My Linh Pham

    Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - 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• Probing quantum dynamics of strongly interacting spin ensembles

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Georg Kucsko

    Harvard Univ

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Joonhee Choi

    Harvard Univ

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  View abstract →

• NONLINEAR OPTICS

  View abstract →

• Cold Cs atoms inside a hollow-core photonic-crystal fiber

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Christopher Haapamaki

    Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo

  • Taehyun Yoon

    Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo

  • Jeremy Flannery

    Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo

  • Golam Bappi

    Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo

  • Rubayet Al Maruf

    Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo

  • Omar Alshehri

    Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo

  • Michal Bajcsy

    Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo

  View abstract →

• Approach to a convenient and efficient CW laser for UV spectroscopy at 243 nm

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Ali Khademian

    University of North Texas

  • David Shiner

    University of North Texas

  View abstract →

• Measurement of strong electric fields using room-temperature Rydberg-EIT

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Stephanie Miller

    University of Michigan, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  View abstract →

• Nonlinear susceptibility past the limits of perturbation theory

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Andrew Spott

    Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - 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Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. 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• Resolving Airborne Particulate Concentration Inhomogeneities with a Schlieren Optical Technique

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Alexis Payne

    College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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• ATOM AND MATTER OPTICS

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• Relationship between two-and three-photon coherence in a ladder-type atomic system

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  Authors

  • Yoon-Seok Lee

    Department of Physics, Pusan National University

  • Heung-Ryoul Noh

    Department of Physics, Chonnam National University, Chonnam University

  • Han Seb Moon

    Department of Physics, Pusan National University

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• High-contrast four-wave mixing in resonance double-Lambda atomic system

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  Authors

  • Taek Jeong

    Pusan National University

  • Han Seb Moon

    Pusan National University

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• Ballistic atom pumps

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  Authors

  • Andrew Pyle

    The College of William \& Mary, College of William and Mary

  • Tommy Byrd

    The College of William \& Mary

  • Megan Ivory

    The College of William \& Mary

  • Kevin Mitchell

    University of California, Merced, Univ of California - Merced

  • Kunal Das

    Kutztown University of Pennsylvania

  • Seth Aubin

    The College of William \& Mary, College of William and Mary

  • John Delos

    The College of William \& Mary

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• STRONG-FIELD PHYSICS

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• Photon momentum sharing in strong field photoionization

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  Authors

  • Andre D. Bandrauk

    Universite de Sherbrooke

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• Cooper minima in electron spectra after multiphoton above-threshold ionization

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  Authors

  • Dmitry A. Telnov

    St. Petersburg State University, Russia, St. Petersburg State University

  • Shih-I Chu

    University of Kansas, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, University of Kansas, USA

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• Subcycle dynamics of high harmonic generation in valence-shell and virtual states of Ar atoms excited by attosecond pulses and driven by near-infrared laser fields: A self-interaction-free TDDFT theoretical approach

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  Authors

  • John Heslar

    National Taiwan University, Taiwan

  • Dmitry A. Telnov

    St. Petersburg State University, Russia, St. Petersburg State University

  • Shih-I Chu

    University of Kansas, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, University of Kansas, USA

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• Triggering coherent electronic hole motion with strong-field pulses

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  Authors

  • Stefan Pabst

    CFEL, DESY and ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian CFA, CFEL, DESY

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. 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Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - 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Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. 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• Photoelectron Holography: Exploration of the Multiphoton Ionization and Multiple Rescattering in Intense Laser Fields

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Chon-Teng Chu

    National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. 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• Nuclear-Electronic Coherence in Strong-Field Dissociative Ionization

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Youliang Yu

    J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University

  • Yujun Wang

    Kansas State University, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506

  • Shuo Zeng

    J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University

  • B.D. Esry

    Kansas State University, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS USA 66506, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University

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• Bohmian trajectory analysis of sub-cycle multiphoton ionization dynamics

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Hossein Z. Jooya

    University of Kansas

  • Dmitry A. Telnov

    St. Petersburg State University, Russia, St. Petersburg State University

  • Peng-Cheng Li

    Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University

  • Shih-I Chu

    University of Kansas, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, University of Kansas, USA

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• Exploration of the dynamical origin of near- and below-threshold harmonic generation

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Peng-Cheng Li

    Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. 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Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. 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Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. 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Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. 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Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Shih-I Chu

    University of Kansas, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, University of Kansas, USA

  View abstract →

• Generation of even below-threshold harmonics by stretched H$_{2}^{+}$ molecules in intense elliptically polarized laser fields

  POSTER

  Authors

  • K. Nasiri Avanaki

    University of Kansas

  • Dmitry A. Telnov

    St. Petersburg State University, Russia, St. Petersburg State University

  • Shih-I Chu

    University of Kansas, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, University of Kansas, USA

  View abstract →

• Analysis of the Contribution of the Tunneling and Multiphoton regime in High-order Harmonic Generation of H$_{2}^{+}$

  POSTER

  Authors

  • K. Nasiri Avanaki

    University of Kansas

  • Peng-Cheng Li

    National Taiwan University

  • Shih-I Chu

    University of Kansas, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, University of Kansas, USA

  View abstract →

• High suppression in strong-field ionization of laser-irradiated molecule C$_{60}$

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Vladimir Usachenko

    Institute of Applied Physics, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan

  • Vyacheslav Kim

    Institute of Ion-Plasma and Laser Technologies, Tashkent 700125, Uzbekistan

  • Pavel Pyak

    Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan

  View abstract →

• Strong-field above-threshold ionization in laser-irradiated C$_{60}$: The signatures of orbital symmetry and intramolecular interference

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Vladimir Usachenko

    Institute of Applied Physics, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan

  • Vyacheslav Kim

    Institute of Ion-Plasma and Laser Technologies, Tashkent 700125, Uzbekistan

  • Pavel Pyak

    Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan

  View abstract →

• Signatures of field-induced intramolecular quantum interference in high-order harmonic generation by laser-irradiated homonuclear diatomics

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Vladimir Usachenko

    Institute of Applied Physics, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan

  • Vyacheslav Kim

    Institute of Ion-Plasma and Laser Technologies, Tashkent 700125, Uzbekistan

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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• Control of Attosecond Electron Diffraction by Elliptical Long-Wavelength Radiation

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Predrag Ranitovic

    ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Nkft, Dugonics ter 13, Szeged H6720, Hungary

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - 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• Strong field ionization in a single-cycle pulse

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    Purdue Univ

  • Francis Robicheaux

    Purdue Univ, Purdue University

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• Stable states in a strong IR field

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  • Changchun Zhong

    Purdue Univ

  • Francis Robicheaux

    Purdue Univ, Purdue University

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• Excitation Energy Dependence in Near Threshold Atom-Microwave Interaction

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  • Eric Magnuson

    Univ of Virginia

  • Vincent Carrat

    Univ of Virginia

  • Tom Gallagher

    University of Virginia, Univ of Virginia

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• Competing parallel and perpendicular dissociation pathways of CS$^{2+}$ in a strong laser field\textsuperscript{*}

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  Authors

  • T. Severt

    J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS USA 66506, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. 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R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. 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• Inferring The Effective Single-Electron Dynamics in High Harmonic Generation from Time Dependent \textit{ab initio} Studies

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Chen Zhang

    Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - 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  View abstract →

• Generalized eikonal approximation for strong-field ionization

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Katarzyna Krajewska

    Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw

  • Felipe Cajiao V\'elez

    Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw

  • Jerzy Kami\'nski

    Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw

  View abstract →

• Formation of excited neutral D* fragments from D$_2$ by a strong laser field

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Ben Berry

    Kansas State University, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS USA 66506, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. 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R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - 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Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. 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R. 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    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. 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Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. 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  View abstract →

• Photoionization microscopy in terms of local frame transformation theory

  POSTER

  Authors

  • P. Giannakeas

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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• Enhancement of X-ray Energy Deposition via Heavy Element Sensitization in Biological Environments

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Sara Lim

    The Ohio State University

  • Anil Pradhan

    Ohio State U, The Ohio State University, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

  • Sultana Nahar

    Ohio State Univ - Columbus, The Ohio State University, Ohio State U, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

  • Rolf Barth

    The Ohio State University

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• Five Photon Double Ionization of Helium

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Ye Li

    Auburn University

  • M. S. Pindzola

    Auburn University

  • J. Colgan

    Los Alamos National Laboratory, Loa Alamos National Laboratory

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• Inner-Shell Photodetachment of the Carbon Anions Chain

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Rene Bilodeau

    University of Connecticut, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs

  • Dan Gibson

    Denison University, Granville, OH, Denison University, Physics department, Denison University

  • Wes Walter

    Denison University, Granville, OH, Denison University, Physics department, Denison University

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - 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Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Alejandro Aguilar

    ReVera Inc

  • David Macaluso

    University of Montana, Physics and Astronomy Department, Montana State University

  • Nora Berrah

    Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs

  View abstract →

• Photoionization of the 4d subshell of the La isonuclear sequence

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Sindhu Kalyadan

    Indian Institute of Technology Mandi

  • Sindhu Kalyadan

    Indian Institute of Technology Mandi

  • P.C. Deshmukh

    Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi and University of Western Ontario

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • S.T. Manson

    Georgia State University

  View abstract →

• K-shell photoionization of Cl: Theory and experiment

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Zineb Felfli

    Clark Atlanta University

  • S.T. Manson

    Georgia State University

  • Alfred Msezane

    Clark Atlanta University

  View abstract →

• Photolysis of formic acid at 355nm

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Denhi Martinez

    Instituto de Ciencias Fisicas

  • Teonanacatl Bautista

    Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico

  • Alfonso Guerrero

    Instituto de Ciencias Fisicas

  • Ignacio Alvarez

    Instituto de Ciencias Fisicas

  • Carmen Cisneros

    Instituto de Ciencias Fisicas

  View abstract →

• Relativistic Effects in the Photoionization of Very Heavy Atoms

  POSTER

  Authors

  • David A. Keating

    Georgia State University

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. 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Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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• Molecular Frame Photoelectron Angular Distributions for Core Ionization of CF$_4$ and C$_2$H$_2$F$_2$

  POSTER

  Authors

  • C.S. Trevisan

    CSU, Maritime Academy

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. 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• Laser Vibrational Photodetachment Spectroscopy Near the Electron Affinity of S$_{2}$

  POSTER

  Authors

  • John Yukich

    Davidson College

  • Colin Tyznik

    Davidson College

  • Jessica Barrick

    University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill

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• Inner-shell double photoionization of beryllium by intense X-ray free-electron laser pulses

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Samira Barmaki

    Laboratoire de Physique Computationnelle et Photonique, Universit\'e de Moncton Campus de Shippagan

  • Marc Andre Albert

    Laboratoire de Physique Computationnelle et Photonique, Universit\'e de Moncton Campus de Shippagan

  • Stephane Laulan

    Laboratoire de Physique Computationnelle et Photonique, Universit\'e de Moncton Campus de Shippagan

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• Multiphoton dissociative ionization of CS$^+$

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Jyoti Rajput

    J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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• Near-Threshold, Vibrationally-Resolved Photoionization of Molecular Nitrogen

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Gaetan VanGyseghem

    Western Michigan University

  • Thomas Gorczyca

    Western Michigan University

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. 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• Electron correlation and relativistic effects in photoabsorption processes of heavy closed shell atoms: Intermediate shells of Mercury

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Tanima Banerjee

    St. Aloysius College, Mangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras

  • P.C. Deshmukh

    Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi and University of Western Ontario

  • S.T. Manson

    Georgia State University

  View abstract →

• Electron correlation effects in time delay in photoionization process: Mercury

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Aarthi Ganesan

    Jain University, Bangalore

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. 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  • S.T. Manson

    Georgia State University

  View abstract →

• Modification of a tandem mass-spectrometer for infrared multi-photon dissociation (IRMPD) of gas-phase ions

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Timothy Ireland

    Duquesne University

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Timothy Ireland

    Duquesne University

  View abstract →

• Time delay in photoionization in Ne: Effect of different types of correlation

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Ankur Mandal

    Indian Institute of Technology-Madras

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • S.T. Manson

    Georgia State University

  View abstract →

• Photoionization of Au$^{+}$, Au$^{2+}$, and Au$^{3+}$ ions and developments in the synthesis of the metallofullerene Au@C$_{60}$

  POSTER

  Authors

  • A.L. David Kilcoyne

    The Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

  • Alfred Muller

    Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany

  • Stefan Schippers

    Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Allison Mueller

    University of Montana

  • Dylan Gross

    University of Montana

  • Andrea Johnson

    University of Montana

  • David Macaluso

    University of Montana, Physics and Astronomy Department, Montana State University

  View abstract →

• Absolute Photoionization of Br$^{+}$ and Rb$^{3+}$ Ions for the Determination of Elemental Abundances in Astrophysical Nebulae

  POSTER

  Authors

  • David Macaluso

    University of Montana, Physics and Astronomy Department, Montana State University

  • Allison Mueller

    University of Montana

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Dylan Gross

    University of Montana

  • Manuel Bautista

    Western Michigan University

  • Nicholas Sterling

    University of West Georgia

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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• Inner-Shell Photodetachment of Nickel Negative Ions

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Ileana Dumitriu

    Hobart and William Smith Colleges

  • Rene Bilodeau

    University of Connecticut, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs

  • Dan Gibson

    Denison University, Granville, OH, Denison University, Physics department, Denison University

  • Wes Walter

    Denison University, Granville, OH, Denison University, Physics department, Denison University

  • Thomas Gorczyca

    Western Michigan University

  • Alex Aguilar

    ReVera Inc

  • Daniel Rolles

    Kansas State University, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University

  • Zoran Pesic

    ThermoScientific

  • Nora Berrah

    University of Connecticut

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• ELECTRON-MOLECULE COLLISIONS

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• Study of Metastable N$_{2}$ Production Using an N$_{2}$ Matrix Detector

  POSTER

  Authors

  • William McConkey

    University of Windsor

  • Wladek Kedzierski

    University of Windsor

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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• Heavy-Rydberg ion-pair formation in Rydberg atom collisions: Probing dissociative electron attachment

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Michael Kelley

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University

  • Sitti Buathong

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University

  • Barry Dunning

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Rice University

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• Isomer and Fluorination Effects among Fluorine Substituted Hydrocarbon C$_{3}$/C$_{4}$ Molecules in Electron Impact Ionization

  POSTER

  Authors

  • U.R. Patel

    Gandhinagar Institute of Technology

  • K.N. Joshipura

    S P University, Gujarat, India

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• Investigation of low frequency molecular Bremsstrahlung radiation from laser induced breakdown of air

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Prem Kiran Paturi

    ACRHEM, University of Hyderabad

  • Vinoth Kumar Lakshminarayanan

    ACRHEM, University of Hyderabad

  • Manikanta Elle

    ACRHEM, University of Hyderabad

  • Leela Chelikani

    ACRHEM, University of Hyderabad

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• Would Dissociative Recombination of DNA$^{+}$ be a Possible Pathway of DNA Damage?

  POSTER

  Authors

  • H.C. Kwon

    Department of Physics, Pacific Union College, Angwin, CA 94508

  • Z.P. Chen

    Department of Physics, Pacific Union College, Angwin, CA 94508

  • R.A. Strom

    Department of Physics, Pacific Union College, Angwin, California 94508, USA, Department of Physics, Pacific Union College, Angwin, CA 94508

  • V.M. Andrianarijaona

    Department of Physics, Pacific Union College, Angwin, California 94508, USA, Department of Physics, Pacific Union College, Angwin, CA 94508, Department of Physics, Pacific Union College, Angwin, CA 94508, USA

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• Investigation of the Effects of Atomic Number and Constitution on Chirally-Sensitive Electron-Induced Molecular Breakup

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Joan Dreiling

    Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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    Univ of North Alabama

  • Miron Amusia

    Hebrew University, Israel \& Ioffe Physical Technical-Institute, St.Petersburg, Russia, Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University

  • Larissa Chernysheva

    Ioffe Physical Technical-Institute, St.Petersburg, Russia

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    Chemical Sciences, LBNL, LBNL

  • D.S. Slaughter

    Chemical Sciences, LBNL, LBNL

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    Auburn University

  • T.G. Lee

    Auburn University

  • J. Colgan

    Los Alamos National Laboratory, Loa Alamos National Laboratory

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• Relativistic regimes in which Compton scattering doubly differential cross sections obtained from impulse approximation are accurate due to cancelation of errors.

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    University of Pittsburgh

  • R.H. Pratt

    University of Pittsburgh

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    The College of the Holy Cross

  • Joseph Wihbey

    The College of the Holy Cross

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    Clark Atlanta University

  • F. Kiros

    Clark Atlanta University

  • A. Tesfamichael

    Clark Atlanta University

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    Clark Atlanta University

  • Alfred Msezane

    Clark Atlanta University

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  • Nathan Clayburn

    University of Nebraska - Lincoln

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

  • Rajendra Shrestha

    Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - 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• Optical control and spectroscopic studies of collisional population transfer in molecular electronic states

  POSTER

  Authors

  • Ergin Ahmed

    Temple University

  • Xinhua Pan

    Temple University

  • John Huennekens

    Lehigh University

  • Marjatta Lyyra

    Temple University

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